<h2>New framework opens regulated trading as bank prepares crypto-backed lending, wallet and custody products</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Sberbank expects regulated Russian crypto exchange trading to reach 4 trillion rubles in the first year under rules effective Sept. 1, 2026.</li><li>Deputy Chairman Anatoly Popov expects trading volume to rise to about 7.5 trillion rubles by 2029.</li><li>The bank plans loans backed by Bitcoin, Ether and USDT, while broader crypto products remain tied to central bank approval.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Sberbank, Russia’s largest lender, expects regulated cryptocurrency trading on Russian exchanges to reach as much as 4 trillion rubles in the first year after the country’s new crypto framework takes effect on Sept. 1, 2026, while preparing to expand into loans backed by&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ether</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/tether-usdt">USDT</a>. Sberbank Deputy Chairman Anatoly Popov also&nbsp;<a href="https://tass.com/economy/2179311">projected</a> trading volume could reach roughly 7.5 trillion rubles by 2029.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Projection</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Rubles</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Dollar figures cited</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">First year</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">4 trillion rubles</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$46.4 billion and $46.43 billion</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">By 2029</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">7.5 trillion rubles</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$87 billion and $87.1 billion</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Popov gave the trading-volume forecasts to state news agency TASS. Based on those two projections, the increase from the first-year level to the 2029 estimate would amount to 3.5 trillion rubles, or 87.5%. The figures refer specifically to regulated cryptocurrency trading volume on exchanges rather than cryptocurrency&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/market-cap">market capitalization</a>, Sberbank revenue, customer deposits or the value of outstanding crypto-backed loans.Russian President Vladimir Putin signed legislation establishing the country’s cryptocurrency regulatory framework in early August 2026. The principal law takes effect Sept. 1, while some provisions governing the issuance and circulation of crypto assets are scheduled to become effective on Sept. 1, 2027. Existing cryptocurrency exchanges receive a transition period until March 1, 2027.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Retail access remains limited under the framework</h2>Retail investors will be permitted to buy the most liquid cryptocurrencies, subject to an annual limit of 300,000 rubles, or $3,700, through each intermediary. Qualified investors, by contrast, may purchase any crypto assets without those limits.The framework continues to prohibit using cryptocurrencies to pay for goods and services within Russia. Crypto can, however, be used for cross-border settlements involving foreign-trade contracts between residents and non-residents. Russia had begun allowing cryptocurrency in international trade in 2024 as part of efforts to counter Western sanctions.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Sberbank prepares Bitcoin, Ether and USDT-backed lending</h2>Sberbank is preparing to issue loans secured by Bitcoin, Ether and USDT once the assets and products receive the necessary approval from Russia’s central bank. Popov said the lender had already prepared for the regulatory change and built experience working with cryptocurrency.“We prepared for this in advance, and we already have practical experience working with cryptocurrency. As soon as the law comes into full force, we will adapt Sber’s existing products to the new requirements and begin consistently expanding their lineup,” Popov said.Popov added: “We will be able to expand the list immediately after all provisions of the new regulation come into force.”Bitcoin,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a> and USDT were the assets identified for the planned collateral offering, while tokens such as&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/xrp-xrp">XRP</a> were left off the list. Popov said Ethereum and USDT could be added “after the Central Bank, of course, allows them for public circulation.”The lending push comes with Russia’s key interest rate at 14%. Crypto-backed borrowing could allow holders such as miners to raise credit without selling their cryptocurrency and giving up exposure to potential subsequent gains.Sberbank has not disclosed loan-to-value ratios, interest rates or a launch date for the broader crypto-backed lending products, with those terms tied to central bank approvals that have not yet been granted.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Wallet and custody expansion planned</h2>Sberbank has already established a foothold in crypto-linked investment products. Since 2025, the bank has provided qualified investors with structured bonds and digital financial assets tied to Bitcoin and Ether.The lender also plans to launch a cryptocurrency&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> within its Sber and Sber Investments apps by early December 2026. A digital asset depository is planned alongside the wallet, extending the bank’s crypto activity across investment products, lending and custody infrastructure.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>FAQ</h2>When does Russia’s main crypto framework take effect?Sept. 1, 2026.Which assets does Sberbank plan to accept as loan collateral?Bitcoin, Ether and USDT.When are additional issuance and circulation rules scheduled to apply?Sept. 1, 2027.How long can existing exchanges operate under the transition period?Until March 1, 2027.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Sberbank projects regulated crypto trading reaching 4 trillion rubles

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Sberbank Sees Russian Crypto Trading Reaching $46 Billion Under New Rules

<h2>Two-month-old network posts record transactions, DEX volume and liquidity as speculative trading expands</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Robinhood Chain became one of crypto’s highest-revenue networks within roughly two months of launching, while activity shifted heavily toward memecoin trading and token creation.</li><li>The network set records across daily transactions, DEX volume and total value locked as launchpads including Pons and LONG attracted speculative activity.</li><li>Chain-level gas revenue also surpassed major competing networks, a separate metric from the revenue earned by Robinhood Chain applications.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Robinhood Chain emerged as one of crypto’s busiest and highest-revenue blockchains by Aug. 31, 2026, roughly two months after launching, as record transactions,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/Decentralized-Crypto-Exchange-dex">decentralized exchange</a> activity and liquidity coincided with a surge in memecoin trading that increasingly defined the network’s early use.Robinhood launched the&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a>-compatible network on July 1, positioning tokenized stocks and other traditional financial assets as its flagship use case. Within roughly two weeks, however, Robinhood-themed memecoins had already taken over much of the trading activity, while tokenized stocks represented only a small fraction of assets being used on the network.Daily transactions subsequently climbed from well below 1 million in early July to more than 5 million by late August, showing how quickly network usage expanded during its first two months.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Transactions and DEX Volume Hit New Highs</h2>Robinhood Chain processed an all-time-high 5.52 million transactions on Aug. 30, while decentralized exchange trading reached roughly $875 million that day. Two days earlier, the network had recorded $989 million in single-day&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/Decentralized-Crypto-Exchange-dex">DEX</a> trading volume on Friday, Aug. 28, establishing another record as turnover approached $1 billion.Liquidity expanded alongside trading activity. Total value locked reached a record $725 million by the end of August, representing a near-100% month-over-month increase, while&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a> supply climbed to approximately $770 million, up 47% over the same period.<figure class="image"><img alt="Screenshot 2026-09-01 070352.png" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/Screenshot_2026_09_01_070352_594692a67f.png"></figure>The composition of that activity also changed during the month. July had been dominated by memecoin trading following the rally and eventual Robinhood spot listing of CASHCAT, while August brought greater attention to utility and infrastructure-related tokens even as speculative assets remained central to transaction activity and revenue.PONS became one of Robinhood Chain’s dominant launchpads as its&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/market-cap">market capitalization</a> increased from about $20 million to more than $200 million during August. The application allows users to create and trade tokens directly on the network.About 22,600 new tokens were launched through Pons in a single day in late August, more than 40% above the previous day. Most were speculative coins created around jokes, animals or internet trends rather than tokenized equities or businesses moving traditional assets onchain.That activity left Robinhood Chain with an unusual early growth profile: the busiest application on a&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> designed around tokenized financial assets had become a token launchpad capable of producing tens of thousands of new assets in a day.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Application Revenue Outpaces Ethereum</h2>Applications on Robinhood Chain generated approximately $2.66 million over one 24-hour period, trailing only&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">Solana</a> applications, which produced approximately $5.07 million during the comparable period.<figure class="image"><img alt="Screenshot 2026-09-01 070247.png" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/Screenshot_2026_09_01_070247_c6f959540b.png"></figure>Robinhood Chain application revenue was about twice the amount generated by applications on Ethereum and six times the amount generated on Base.Application revenue refers to money earned directly by applications from their users rather than revenue collected by Robinhood at the blockchain level.GMGN, an application used to trade memecoins, and Pons generated about $2 million of the ecosystem total.&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/uniswap-uni">Uniswap</a> contributed another roughly $307,000.Together, those three applications produced about 88% of Robinhood Chain’s application revenue, with the bulk coming from platforms tied directly to speculative token creation and trading.Robinhood also benefits from the underlying transaction activity because it operates the system that processes transactions on Robinhood Chain and receives fees paid by users. Executives said during a July earnings call that the company “makes a few basis points on transactions.”CEO Vlad Tenev had previously signaled that the company was comfortable with speculative activity emerging alongside its real-world-asset strategy. Referring to the network’s design for those assets, Tenev said that “it works great for memes too.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Chain Revenue Separately Tops Major Networks</h2>Robinhood Chain’s protocol revenue also climbed sharply, a separate development from the application-level earnings generated by services such as Pons, GMGN and Uniswap.Two months after launch, Robinhood Chain became the largest network by protocol revenue within the tracked “Chain” category excluding revenue materially boosted by token incentives. Canton remained ahead overall while allocating significant rewards to builders and users.One Aug. 31 snapshot showed Robinhood Chain generating $963,612 in gas revenue over the preceding 24 hours.<figure class="image"><img alt="Screenshot 2026-09-01 070509.png" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/Screenshot_2026_09_01_070509_189361cd47.png"></figure><div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Network</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">24-Hour Chain Revenue</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Comparison With Robinhood Chain</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Robinhood Chain</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$963,612</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Baseline</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Tron</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$586,688</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Robinhood Chain was more than 60% higher</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Ethereum</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$111,590</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Robinhood Chain was roughly 9x higher</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Base</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$93,001</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Robinhood Chain was roughly 10x higher</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Solana</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$84,702</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Robinhood Chain was roughly 11x higher</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Robinhood Chain operates as an&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/arbitrum-arb">Arbitrum</a> Orbit&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/layer-2">Layer 2</a> that settles to Ethereum and transfers 10% of its chain revenue to Arbitrum’s Expansion Program, creating a revenue-sharing cost that many competing chains do not carry.Offchain co-founder Steven Goldfeder cited an Aug. 31 snapshot showing more than $1.222 million in transaction revenue during 24 hours.“The market may not appreciate this yet but L2s are a fantastic business,” Goldfeder said.He later added: “Now over 2 million dollars in 24 hour revenue.”<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet_2094557412174758071_20260901_070701_via_10015_io.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2094557412174758071_20260901_070701_via_10015_io_e7ec9b6589.webp"></figure>The figures represent different measurements rather than the same metric as Robinhood Chain’s application revenue. Protocol revenue measures gas or transaction fees collected at the blockchain level, while application revenue measures earnings captured by individual applications.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Stock-Paired Memecoins Expand</h2>LONG, also known as long.xyz, became another major Robinhood Chain launchpad by allowing users to create tokens, primarily memecoins, that trade against tokenized equities.The model connected speculative token activity with the tokenized-stock infrastructure that Robinhood originally positioned as the chain’s central differentiator.Artificial Inu, ticker AI, became the largest cited stock-paired memecoin on the network after launching through LONG and pairing against tokenized NVDA.Its market capitalization increased from approximately $1.5 million on Aug. 1 to a peak of $135 million on Aug. 30. The token accumulated more than approximately $3.3 million of liquidity in its NVDA pool, more than three times the depth of its WETH pool.Memecoins paired with tokenized stocks came to represent roughly one-quarter of all stock-linked trading volume on Robinhood Chain, making speculative tokens a substantial component of activity tied directly to tokenized equities.Other infrastructure-oriented projects also gained sharply during August. Delta, a liquidity-layer protocol; UP, a ve(3,3) emissions project similar to Aerodrome on Base; and NetNet, an OHM-style bonding project, each increased their valuations by approximately 10 times during the month.Cash Cat remained another example of speculative momentum, more than doubling during the week through Aug. 25 as traders moved into increasingly smaller tokens.The August activity therefore combined two parallel trends: utility and infrastructure projects gained prominence compared with July, while token launchpads and memecoin trading continued to supply a large share of transactions, application revenue and stock-linked trading activity.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Robinhood Chain application revenue outpaces major competing networks

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Robinhood Chain Revenue Surges as Memecoin Trading Drives Activity

<h2>Strategy returns to Bitcoin buying as Bitmine nears its Ethereum target and Strive climbs the rankings</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Strategy resumed Bitcoin purchases, while Bitmine accelerated Ethereum accumulation and Strive expanded its BTC treasury.</li><li>Bitmine moved close to its stated goal of controlling 5% of Ethereum supply and continued staking most of its holdings.</li><li>Strive became the fifth-largest publicly traded corporate Bitcoin holder as TD Cowen raised its ASST price target.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Strategy, Bitmine Immersion Technologies and Strive expanded their cryptocurrency treasuries around August 31, 2026, with Strategy returning to&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin</a> purchases after a roughly 10-week pause, Bitmine making its largest weekly&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a> purchase since June and Strive buying enough&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">BTC</a> to become the fifth-largest publicly traded corporate Bitcoin holder.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Company</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Latest purchase</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Purchase value</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Acquisition metric</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Treasury after purchase</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Strategy</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">4,603 BTC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Approximately $370 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$80,318 average per BTC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">845,050 BTC</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Bitmine Immersion Technologies</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">53,501&nbsp;ETH</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Approximately $131 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Largest weekly ETH purchase since June</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">5,901,112 ETH</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Strive</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">1,800 BTC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Approximately $143 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$79,431 average per BTC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">23,156 BTC</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Strategy resumes buying while managing cash and preferred stock</h2>Strategy's latest acquisition was its first Bitcoin purchase since June 22, following two weeks in which the company neither added nor sold BTC. The company had also sold a cumulative $432 million of Bitcoin through five transactions dating back to May under its BTC monetization program, which is intended to strengthen its cash reserve and support dividend payments.Strategy chairman Michael Saylor&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/saylor/status/2094395804962152885">said</a> Monday that the company increased its U.S. dollar reserve by $29 million during the preceding week. Strategy also repurchased $152 million of STRC, its&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/perpetual-futures">perpetual</a> preferred stock carrying a 12.00% annual dividend. STRC is intended to have a par value around $100 but was trading at $96.66.<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet_2094395804962152885_20260901_061229_via_10015_io.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2094395804962152885_20260901_061229_via_10015_io_a5dfa3d219.webp"></figure>The company remains the world's largest corporate Bitcoin holder by a wide margin and was the first public company to adopt Bitcoin as its sole treasury reserve asset. Immediately before the latest purchase, Strategy held 840,447 BTC worth around $66 billion. A Bitcoin rally had moved that position to an estimated $2.8 billion paper profit after it spent much of the summer underwater.Strategy's recent Bitcoin sales marked a change from Saylor's longstanding public "never sell" message. Saylor said that language referred to his personal holdings rather than the public company's treasury policy."When I say 'Never Sell Your Bitcoin,' I speak as one saver to another. I have never sold mine. Not one satoshi. Strategy is a public company, not my&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a>. Since 2020, it has disclosed it may buy or sell $BTC to manage capital. Our shared conviction in Bitcoin remains unchanged," Saylor said.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Bitmine approaches its 5% Ethereum supply goal</h2>Bitmine said Monday that its Ethereum treasury was valued at about $14.8 billion using a reference value of $2,511 per ETH. Its holdings represented 4.9% of Ethereum's total supply of 120.7 million tokens, putting the company 98% of the way toward its stated goal of controlling 5% of the network, a target Bitmine calls the "Alchemy of 5%."The latest purchase extended Bitmine's uninterrupted&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/accumulation">accumulation</a> run. The company has bought Ethereum every week since launching its treasury strategy on June 30, 2025, extending the streak to 65 weeks even though some recent purchases had slowed to smaller amounts.Bitmine Chairman Tom Lee said Ethereum, Bitcoin and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">Solana</a> were the three strongest-performing assets since June 30. Lee said Ethereum had outperformed the S&amp;P 500 by 5,430 basis points so far during the quarter and argued that the performance could set the stage for institutions to increase crypto exposure.Bitmine's total holdings reached $15.6 billion as of Saturday, August 29, when cash, other tokens and investments it calls "moonshot" positions were included.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Bitmine asset or position</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Reported amount</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Bitcoin</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">211 BTC</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Cash and marketable securities</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$541 million</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Beast Industries stake</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$180 million</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Eightco Holdings position</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$81 million</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Bitmine remains the world's largest Ethereum treasury and the second-largest corporate cryptocurrency treasury overall behind Strategy. The company also uses much of its ETH to generate&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/DeFi-Staking">staking</a> income rather than keeping the entire position unstaked.Bitmine had 5,067,309 ETH, or about 86% of its Ethereum holdings, staked through its MAVAN platform. The company projected annualized revenue of roughly $335 million from the staked assets. Lee also pointed to the mid-September Clarity Act vote as one of several potential catalysts heading into year-end.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Strive moves into fifth place among public Bitcoin treasuries</h2>Strive purchased its latest Bitcoin between August 24 and August 28 and disclosed the transactions in a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001920406/000162828026059468/asst-20260831.htm">Form 8-K</a> released Monday. The additional holdings moved Strive ahead of&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/bullish">Bullish</a> into the No. 5 position among publicly traded corporate Bitcoin holders.Strive marked the ranking change on X with the statement: "Strive to five."TD Cowen responded to the company's treasury expansion by raising its ASST price target more than 14% to $32 from $28 while maintaining a Buy rating. TD Cowen said in its Monday research note that Strive's treasury activity had "meaningfully exceeded" its previous model.ASST was trading about 6% higher at roughly $23 on Monday morning and remained up nearly 165% over the preceding six months. Strive's year-to-date BTC yield, a metric comparing growth in Bitcoin holdings with growth in share count, reached 40.8% as of its August 28 filing, up from less than 37% in early June.TD Cowen also substantially increased its assumptions for Strive's future Bitcoin purchases.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">TD Cowen projection</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Updated figure</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Previous or comparative figure</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Third-quarter BTC purchases</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Nearly 4,300 BTC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">1,500 BTC previously; increase of more than 180%</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Fourth-quarter BTC purchases</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Another 3,000 BTC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">—</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Projected year-end holdings</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">More than 27,100 BTC; specific estimate of 27,156 BTC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">No. 4 holder Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company has a little over 30,000 BTC</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Year-end Bitcoin assumption</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Around $97,500</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Unchanged</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Treasury-gain valuation multiple</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">3x</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Unchanged</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>The projected holdings would put Strive within reach of the No. 4 position currently occupied by Adam Back's Bitcoin Standard Treasury Company. TD Cowen's higher ASST target reflected its increased expectations for Strive's treasury growth while leaving its Bitcoin assumption and treasury-gain valuation multiple intact.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Strive expands Bitcoin treasury becoming fifth largest corporate holder

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Strategy, Bitmine and Strive Expand Corporate Crypto Treasuries

<h2>TONIC price manipulation left most attacker-linked assets stranded on the network</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Cronos halted its blockchain on August 30 after a TONIC price-manipulation exploit hit Tectonic, with earlier estimates putting the haul near $75 million.</li><li>The network resumed block production at 23:49 UTC from block 90,896,189 after Cronos restored the chain to its pre-attack state.</li><li>PeckShield later estimated roughly $74 million was drained, while Cronos began restoring services and said a full postmortem would follow.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr><a href="https://coin360.com/coin/cronos-cro">Cronos</a> halted its entire&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> on August 30, 2026, after identifying an exploit involving decentralized lending protocol Tectonic, stopping block production as researchers estimated the incident at about $75 million. The network&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/CronosNetwork/status/2094295199346573593?s=20">remained halted</a> on August 31 while the investigation continued, with most of the attacker-linked assets still stranded on Cronos.Cronos announced the emergency measure after detecting the incident, saying: “We identified an exploit in Tectonic. The Cronos Network has been halted and we'll provide updates here.” A day later, Cronos said the investigation was continuing “with support from security teams across the industry.”<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2094295199346573593_20260831_193439_via_10015_io_c8449c1409.webp" alt="tweet_2094295199346573593_20260831_193439_via_10015_io.webp"></figure>Tectonic separately warned users to stop interacting with the lending protocol while its team investigated. “We are aware of an incident affecting Tectonic and our team is actively investigating. As a precaution, please do not interact with the protocol until we confirm it is safe to do so,” Tectonic said.The protocol also advised users to revoke token approvals granted to its contracts. “User security is our highest task. We recommend that all users revoke token approvals granted to our contracts while we investigate a security incident. Funds of users who have interacted with Tectonic Protocol currently be at risk,” Tectonic said.<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/crypto_com">Crypto.com</a> CEO Kris Marszalek confirmed the security breach and said the Cronos team was investigating. Marszalek said the Crypto.com app and exchange were unaffected and continued operating normally, and he asserted that funds on those products were safe.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>TONIC manipulation drove borrowing against inflated collateral</h2>Onchain researcher Weilin Li linked the exploit to Tectonic’s TONIC governance token, which carried a 20% collateral factor despite having very thin liquidity. TONIC liquidity stood at about $1.34 million, according to the account cited in the supplied information, leaving the token vulnerable to large spot-price movements from relatively limited trading activity.Li characterized the incident as a “Mango-market style pump-and-borrow price manipulation attack.” TONIC’s price surged 100-fold within 20 minutes, Li said, after which the attacker borrowed assets against the artificially elevated collateral valuation.<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2094079327176466563_f1637195ef.webp" alt="tweet-2094079327176466563.webp"></figure>Li initially put the attacker’s haul at $66 million before revising the estimate to around $75 million after identifying another attacker-controlled&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/wallet-address">address</a> containing $8 million.&nbsp;LookonChain&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/lookonchain/status/2094231480834940992">tracked</a> how much of the estimated haul left Cronos before validators stopped the network. The resulting figures show that only a relatively small portion reached&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a> before the halt.<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2094231480834940992_b5d16752bb.webp" alt="tweet-2094231480834940992.webp"></figure><div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Tracked amount</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Value</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Status</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Bridged to Ethereum</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$6.29 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Swapped for 2,592&nbsp;ETH</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Remaining on Cronos</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$68.7 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Stranded after the network halt</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Cronos had not announced what would happen to those attacker-linked assets once block production resumed. Neither Cronos nor Tectonic had provided a restart timeline or said whether affected depositors would be made whole.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Tectonic’s size amplified the network impact</h2>Tectonic was the first lending protocol launched on Cronos and remained by far the network’s largest lender, holding close to half of the capital deposited across Cronos decentralized finance applications. Tectonic allows users to deposit crypto assets that others can borrow against collateral while depositors earn interest.The next-largest lending protocol, Mimas Finance, held about $30,000. Tectonic’s reported assets fell from approximately $121 million to about $3 million following the exploit, although that decline is separate from the estimated attacker haul and should not be treated as the amount stolen.Stopping the entire Cronos blockchain also extended the impact beyond Tectonic because the halt froze positions throughout the network. At the same time, it prevented most of the estimated attacker-controlled assets from being moved off Cronos before investigators could assess the incident.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Researcher links exploit to recent Mango-style attacks</h2>Li called the Tectonic incident the third Mango-style attack in recent weeks, following manipulation involving Moonwell’s illiquid MAMO token and a separate event affecting a&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/pendle-pendle">Pendle</a> reUSD market.The August incident was also not Tectonic’s first security event. Two earlier Tectonic incidents were classified as protocol logic failures: one in February 2024 caused about $250,000 in losses, while another occurred in November 2024. The latest attack was classified differently, as oracle manipulation carried out through spot-price manipulation.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Cronos resumes block production after emergency rollback</h2>Cronos resumed producing blocks at 23:49 UTC on August 30, starting from block 90,896,189, after validators used an emergency consensus action to stop the Tectonic exploit from causing further damage. Cronos said the chain’s state was restored to the point before the attack occurred before normal block production restarted.<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet_2094420624261472291_20260901_055415_via_10015_io.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2094420624261472291_20260901_055415_via_10015_io_403548757e.webp"></figure>PeckShield subsequently estimated that roughly $74 million had been drained from Tectonic, providing a later estimate alongside the roughly $75 million figure cited earlier in the incident. The security firm said about $6 million reached Ethereum before the pause, while an estimated $60 million remained inaccessible to the attacker.Node operators were instructed to restart on Cronos v1.7.8 using a new mainnet snapshot released at 09:52 UTC on August 31. Cronos said it was closely monitoring network stability, while some protocols, RPC providers, block explorers and bridges could require additional time to complete their own checks. The beta Cronos app was also being restored for testers, with additional features scheduled to return, and the team said a full exploit postmortem would be released.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Cronos network halts after major Tectonic exploit stranded assets

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Cronos Restarts After Tectonic Exploit, Restores Pre-Attack State

<h2>OneKey’s lab test hit outdated software, while separate vulnerabilities required another Ledger update</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>OneKey reproduced a transaction replacement attack against an outdated Ledger Ethereum app in a controlled environment.</li><li>Ledger said no users were hacked and no in-the-wild exploitation was found for the vulnerabilities discussed.</li><li>Separate signing flaws could hide operations or substitute a token approval for a payment, prompting another Ethereum app update.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Ledger’s&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a> application contained multiple transaction-signing vulnerabilities that could cause a device to authorize something different from what a user believed they had reviewed, although Ledger said no users were hacked and reported no evidence of exploitation in the wild. OneKey reproduced one already-patched flaw in a laboratory environment, while two separate vulnerabilities remained unresolved until a later Ethereum app release.<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2092982673757122857_36e0efb08d.webp" alt="tweet-2092982673757122857.webp"></figure>OneKey founder and CEO Yishi Wang <a href="https://x.com/ohyishi/status/2092953186193801599?s=20">said</a> the&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> provider’s security team carried out a “transaction replacement attack” against an outdated Ledger Ethereum application. The flaw allowed an attacker controlling communications between the device and its host to replace a transaction waiting to be signed while the user was still reviewing the legitimate transaction on the hardware wallet.Ledger tracks that vulnerability as&nbsp;<a href="https://donjon.ledger.com/lsb/023/">LSB-023</a>. The flaw allowed a compromised host to interleave commands so transaction parameters could be changed after appearing on the device but before the signature was produced. Ledger said exploitation required control over communications between the hardware wallet and its host, which could occur through malware, compromised wallet software or a hostile webpage.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Issue</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Technical effect</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Patch history</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">LSB-023</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Could alter transaction parameters after display but before signing; OneKey reproduced it against Ethereum app 1.22.1.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Ledger added app-level safeguards in Ethereum app 1.22.2 on Aug. 13, 2026, then fixed the underlying issue in Secure SDK 26.6.1 on Aug. 21, eight days later.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">LSB-024</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">The app read an operation count with a 16-bit value but stored the remaining count in an 8-bit field. A 257-operation proof of concept exceeded the smaller field’s 255-value capacity and wrapped the count back to one.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Ledger records showed the correction was merged on May 5, 2026.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">LSB-025</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Affected the token-payment path used by Ledger’s Exchange application during swaps and could substitute a token approval for an expected payment.</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Ledger records showed the swap-validation correction was merged on May 25, 2026.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Ledger rejected suggestions that OneKey’s test represented a new compromise of current software. “No Ledger user was hacked. What’s described here is a lab reproduction of a vulnerability in an outdated version of the Ethereum app,” Ledger wrote. Ledger’s security team separately said it found no evidence of exploitation in the wild.Ledger Chief Technology Officer Charles Guillemet also rejected characterizing reproduction of an already-patched flaw as “hacking Ledger.” The distinction was central to Ledger’s response because OneKey’s test targeted software that had already been superseded when the demonstration became public.<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2092988392477016321_bd567235e4.webp" alt="tweet-2092988392477016321.webp"></figure><div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Two other signing paths remained vulnerable</h2>The earlier application safeguard did not resolve every known Ethereum signing problem. LSB-024 and LSB-025 remained exposed until Ledger released Ethereum app version 1.22.3 on Aug. 25, 2026. The two flaws were disclosed on Aug. 27, making that release or a later version necessary to&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/wallet-address">address</a> the additional signing issues.LSB-024 affected arrays of operations during clear signing, where transaction details are presented on the hardware wallet for review. Ledger’s proof of concept caused the device to display only the final operation in an attacker-controlled batch even though the resulting signature authorized the entire set, creating a mismatch between what appeared on the device and what was cryptographically approved.Ledger said exploitation of that flaw required both a compromised host and an unusually large attacker-controlled array. Ledger tested the scenario on a private network fork and reported no losses involving real users.LSB-025 affected the Exchange application’s token-payment path during swaps. Ledger’s application checked the token, quantity and destination but did not verify that the requested action itself remained a payment. A malicious or compromised swap provider could therefore substitute a token approval using matching parameters and have it signed without an additional device prompt showing that the transaction type had changed.The approval flaw had specific limits. It could not create an unlimited approval, switch to another token or give permission to an arbitrary address. An approval also did not itself move funds, because another transaction would have been required before approved assets could be transferred. Ledger said it found no evidence that the swap vulnerability had been exploited.The release history raised a separate issue because the fixes for the two later-disclosed vulnerabilities had already been merged months before the earlier security update reached users. Ledger’s security bulletins did not explain why those corrections were absent from that release, according to the supplied information.Ledger recommends installing the latest affected Ethereum application through Ledger Live and verifying the installed version directly on the device. Updating hardware-wallet firmware alone does not replace the Ethereum application, meaning the app itself must also be updated.Ledger defended software updateability as part of its hardware-wallet security model, saying its security team continuously identifies vulnerabilities through internal research and external bug-bounty programs before distributing fixes through software releases.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Signing flaw differs from Coldcard seed-randomness exploit</h2>The Ledger vulnerabilities concerned transaction handling after wallet keys had already been created, rather than seed generation. That distinction separates the case from a Coldcard exploit disclosed in July 2026, where attackers took advantage of a firmware bug introduced in March 2021 that weakened seed randomness on some Coldcard wallets and left resulting&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/private-key">private keys</a> vulnerable to brute-force attacks.Ledger had previously said its devices were not affected by that Coldcard issue because Ledger recovery phrases are generated using a certified source of randomness built into the device’s security chip.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Ledger robot analyzing Ethereum app vulnerabilities in security lab

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Ledger fixes Ethereum signing flaws after OneKey reproduces older bug

<h2>Public Citizen estimates investor losses while World Liberty Financial advances its U.S. banking push</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Public Citizen estimated at least $4.7 billion in losses across Trump-linked crypto ventures while President Donald Trump reported substantial crypto-related income.</li><li>TRUMP memecoin holders accounted for the largest share of estimated losses, with World Liberty Financial and Trump Media adding further paper losses.</li><li>Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed al Nahyan and co-investors were separately reported to own nearly half of the holding company behind World Liberty Financial’s bank-charter effort.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Investors in cryptocurrency ventures tied to President Donald Trump face at least $4.7 billion in estimated losses, while Trump reported at least $1.4 billion in cryptocurrency-related income for 2025, according to advocacy group&nbsp;<a href="https://www.citizen.org/article/donald-trump-crypto-investors-4-7-billion-underwater/">Public Citizen</a>. Most of the investor losses were unrealized, meaning the assets had fallen in value but had not necessarily been sold, while realized losses were included where trading data allowed Public Citizen to measure them.The biggest portion came from&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/official-trump-trump">TRUMP</a>, the memecoin Trump launched in January 2025, three days before his inauguration. Public Citizen estimated that about 1 million of roughly 1.6 million retail wallets that bought TRUMP on decentralized exchanges were underwater by a combined $3.2 billion. About $400 million of those losses had been realized through sales.TRUMP reached an&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/all-time-high">all-time high</a> of $73.43 before falling to about $2.73 as of Aug. 28, 2026. Public Citizen said wallets that bought during the token’s first two days captured nearly 90% of gains among retail buyers, indicating that the strongest returns were concentrated among the earliest participants.Public Citizen said Trump’s financial exposure to the memecoin differed from that of ordinary buyers. “Trump’s tokens were allocated to his company rather than purchased, and his other income from the meme coin came via licensing fees,” Public Citizen said. “Neither required any capital investment from him, meaning his proceeds should be nearly all profit.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>World Liberty and Trump Media add to estimated losses</h2><a href="https://coin360.com/coin/world-liberty-financial-worldlibertyfinancial-com-wlfi">World Liberty Financial</a> accounted for at least another $1 billion of Public Citizen’s estimate, including a roughly $1.04 billion paper loss at Nasdaq-listed AI Financial Corp.AI Financial Corp. acquired 7.28 billion&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/world-liberty-financial-worldlibertyfinancial-com-wlfi">WLFI</a> tokens for about $1.46 billion in August 2025. Its shares subsequently fell 91% from $7.04 to $0.642 after the company partnered with World Liberty Financial.Trump Media’s bitcoin treasury contributed another $450 million in estimated paper losses. The company held 9,477 bitcoin as of June 30, acquired for about $1.006 billion and valued at roughly $557 million for Public Citizen’s calculation.Public Citizen also estimated at least $9.3 million in losses for buyers of three Trump Digital Trading Card collections.&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/world-liberty-financial-usd-usd1">USD1</a> holders were assigned no investor losses because the&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a> maintained its dollar peg.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Trump-linked exposure</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Key measurement</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Status</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">TRUMP retail wallets</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Largest component of investor losses</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Mostly unrealized</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">AI Financial Corp. WLFI position</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Major World Liberty Financial-related loss</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Paper loss</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Trump Media bitcoin treasury</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Additional treasury decline</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Paper loss</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">USD1</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">No investor loss assigned</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Dollar peg maintained</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>UAE investors take major role in World Liberty banking venture</h2>A&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wsj.com/finance/currencies/trump-familys-new-crypto-bank-is-backed-by-abu-dhabi-sheikh-38579473?eafs_enabled=false">WSJ report</a> released Aug. 27, 2026, showed that Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed al Nahyan, the United Arab Emirates’ national security advisor and brother of the country’s president, and co-investors held a 49% stake in the holding company World Liberty Financial created to pursue a U.S. bank charter.The holding company was identified as WLTC Holdings, while Tahnoon and the other investors participated through a separate entity called StringZ Holding RSC.The ownership structure was reported shortly after the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency gave World Liberty Trust Company, National Association preliminary approval to become a national trust bank.World Liberty Financial had created the trust company earlier in 2026 as part of its effort to secure an OCC banking license. World Liberty Financial said the license would allow the entity to offer stablecoin issuance and redemption, on-ramp and off-ramp services, custody and conversion.USD1 had a&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/market-cap">market capitalization</a> of $4 billion and ranked as the fourth-largest stablecoin, behind&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/tether-usdt">Tether</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/usd-coin-usdc">USDC</a>.The ownership interest in WLTC Holdings was separate from an earlier investment involving World Liberty Financial itself. An investment vehicle backed by Tahnoon was reported to have acquired a 49% stake in World Liberty Financial for $500 million just days before Trump’s inauguration.The two transactions therefore involved different corporate entities: one concerned World Liberty Financial itself, while the later disclosure concerned WLTC Holdings, the structure established for the banking venture.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>White House rejects conflict-of-interest criticism</h2>The UAE-linked investments have drawn scrutiny from Democratic lawmakers over potential conflicts of interest involving Trump, his family and World Liberty Financial.White House Principal Deputy Press Secretary Anna Kelly rejected that criticism, saying there were “no conflicts of interest.”“President Trump only acts in the best interests of the American public – which is why they overwhelmingly re-elected him to this office, despite years of lies and false accusations against him and his businesses from the fake news media,” Kelly said.Top Senate Democrats have urged Republican leadership to hold hearings over the Trump family’s crypto ties to Abu Dhabi royalty. House Democrats have also examined the relationship, and Rep. Ro Khanna launched an investigation in February 2026 into money flowing to World Liberty Financial from the UAE royal family.Public Citizen’s loss calculations and the UAE-linked banking investments describe separate parts of the Trump family’s expanding crypto footprint: one tracks losses borne by investors in Trump-linked assets, while the other concerns ownership and regulatory progress around World Liberty Financial’s banking operation.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Cubic robot examining Public Citizen report on crypto investor losses

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Trump Crypto Investors Face Billions in Losses as UAE Ties Expand

<h2>Transaction adds derivatives and financing as NYDIG shifts toward mining and data centers</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>BitGo acquired NYDIG’s institutional trading business and related assets, adding derivatives, structured products, financing and capital-markets services.</li><li>The base purchase price is $42.5 million, with a contingent cash earnout tied to revenue milestones.</li><li>Around 30 NYDIG employees and their institutional trading relationships moved to BitGo, while NYDIG is focusing on power, Bitcoin mining and high-performance computing.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>BitGo&nbsp;<a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/evernorth-announces-effectiveness-of-form-s-4-registration-statement-progresses-toward-planned-nasdaq-listing-302862280.html">acquired</a> NYDIG’s institutional trading business and related assets in a transaction announced on Aug. 27, 2026, expanding the crypto custodian’s institutional platform into derivatives, structured products, financing and other capital-markets services. A subsequent filing discussed on Aug. 28 detailed the acquisition consideration and employee-related arrangements.The acquired operation is NYDIG IF Holdings, NYDIG’s institutional trading arm. The business is being added to BitGo’s existing custody, settlement and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> operations, giving the company a broader institutional offering that includes derivatives and financing capabilities. BitGo said it plans to use the acquired business to expand its institutional markets platform and enhance its financing services.Around 30 NYDIG employees joined BitGo through the transaction, together with their institutional trading relationships. NYDIG’s institutional trading operation provides derivatives, structured products, financing and capital-markets solutions, giving BitGo an established team and client base in businesses that extend beyond its existing digital-asset infrastructure services.Mike Belshe, CEO and co-founder of BitGo, said institutional demand was driving the expansion. “Institutions increasingly want to work with a trusted partner that can support the full lifecycle of digital assets – from custody and trading to financing and settlement,” Belshe said. “[This is] expected to enable us to serve a broader base of sophisticated clients.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Deal combines cash, BitGo shares and revenue-based payments</h2>The transaction includes upfront consideration, a contingent earnout and employee-retention arrangements linked to the performance of the acquired business.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Transaction component</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Amount or structure</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Condition</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Base acquisition consideration</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$42.5 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Cash and BitGo stock</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Initial cash consideration</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$7 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Part of base consideration</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">BitGo stock consideration</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Around $35.5 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Part of base consideration</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Cash earnout</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Up to $15 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Contingent on revenue milestones; potential additional stock is also contemplated</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Maximum stated upfront and contingent consideration</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">About $57.5 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Before potential additional stock</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Potential total disclosed cash consideration</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$22 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">If the full earnout is paid, excluding employee cash-retention awards</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Base consideration mix</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">About 83.5% stock and 16.5% cash</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Based on the disclosed base consideration</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>BitGo granted NYDIG registration rights for the BitGo shares issued in the transaction. BitGo also agreed to issue restricted stock units and cash retention awards to transferred employees after a revenue milestone is met, tying part of the retention package to the performance of the acquired operation.Tejas Shah, CEO of NYDIG, said the trading franchise had developed specialized institutional capabilities. “Our team built NYDIG's institutional trading business into something exceptional: proven execution expertise with derivatives and financing capabilities,” Shah said. “That business is complementary to BitGo's digital asset infrastructure, and we look forward to a seamless transition for our clients and our colleagues, some of the most talented people in this market.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>NYDIG redirects resources toward power, mining and HPC infrastructure</h2>NYDIG intends to focus its resources on vertically integrated power generation,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin</a> mining and high-performance computing data-center development after the sale. NYDIG, short for New York Digital Investment Group, had activities spanning custody, trading, financing and corporate treasury services centered on bitcoin, as well as high-density power facilities supporting Bitcoin mining and artificial-intelligence workloads.Shah linked NYDIG’s remaining infrastructure business to the operating approach used to build its institutional trading franchise. “The discipline and intensity that built our trading franchise also drives our HPC data center development business, where we see one of the most significant opportunities ahead,” he said.Andrew Melville, Head of Research at institutional crypto derivatives data and analytics firm Block Scholes, said the acquisition reflected a broader institutionalization of cryptocurrency markets. “This cycle is driven by institutional capital rather than purely retail demand, as was the case in previous crypto cycles,” Melville said.“As a result, incumbent crypto players must adapt to the demands of the new investor type, whether by servicing institutional clientele, tokenizing TradFi assets, encouraging the adoption of&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a> for payment rails, or real-world asset derivatives trading onchain,” Melville said.BitGo became the first crypto company to complete an IPO in 2026, according to the supplied information, entering the public market before the NYDIG transaction. Its subsequent share-price readings showed the stock trading well below its flotation level.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

BitGo robot reviewing public market performance following stock debut

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BitGo Acquires NYDIG Institutional Trading Business in $42.5 Million Deal

<h2>Premier League deal gives stablecoin issuer its highest-profile English football placement</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Circle became Chelsea FC’s principal partner and official front-of-shirt sponsor on August 28, 2026.</li><li>USDC branding will appear on Chelsea’s men’s, women’s and academy shirts starting with the 2026/27 season.</li><li>The agreement marks the first principal Premier League shirt sponsorship by a cryptocurrency financial-services firm.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Circle Internet Group, issuer of the&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/usd-coin-usdc">USDC</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a>, became Chelsea FC’s principal partner and official front-of-shirt sponsor on August 28, 2026, putting Circle and USDC branding on the Premier League club’s men’s, women’s and academy shirts beginning with the 2026/27 season.The agreement marks the first time branding from a cryptocurrency financial-services firm will appear as the principal shirt sponsor of a Premier League club. Crypto exchanges had previously secured secondary placements, including&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/review/okx">OKX</a> as a Manchester City sleeve sponsor and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/kraken">Kraken</a> as a Tottenham Hotspur sleeve sponsor.Financial terms and the duration of Circle’s Chelsea agreement were not disclosed. Earlier reporting in 2026 said Chelsea had been targeting £65 million per year, or about $88.3 million, for its front-of-shirt sponsorship slot, which had been vacant for three years. The figure represented Chelsea’s reported target rather than a confirmed valuation of the Circle deal. Circle declined to provide additional comment about the commercial terms.The reported target can be compared with OKX’s Manchester City arrangement, which was reported to cost the exchange $70 million per year in 2023. Kraken did not disclose the terms of its Tottenham Hotspur sleeve sponsorship.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Crypto Sports Sponsorship Returns to a Premium Shirt Position</h2>Circle’s agreement comes as crypto companies rebuild their sports sponsorship presence following a retrenchment after the 2022 market downturn. Other major deals cited in that history include&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/crypto_com">Crypto.com</a>’s $700 million, 20-year naming-rights agreement for the former Staples Center,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/tezos-xtz">Tezos</a>’ reported £20 million-per-year Manchester United training-kit sponsorship and OKX’s Manchester City partnership.Circle framed the Chelsea agreement around broader stablecoin adoption and the use of digital dollars for transferring value. The company said&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a> are moving from early adoption toward the mainstream by reducing the cost and friction of transferring value and broadening participation in the global economy. Circle said bringing USDC to one of sport’s largest global stages reflects the scale and ambition of that opportunity.Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire said, “We built USDC on the belief that money should work seamlessly for everyone everywhere, the way the internet does.” He added, “Partnering with Chelsea connects us with a global sports community built on that exact same borderless vision.”Chelsea FC President Jason Gannon said, “This partnership with Circle positions Chelsea at the forefront of football’s digital evolution.” Gannon added, “We are two organisations fixated by the future and are relentlessly innovating to be in the best position possible for the long-term.”The sponsorship arrives while U.S. dollar-pegged stablecoins account for hundreds of billions of dollars in circulation. The market figures accompanying the announcement showed&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/tether-usdt">USDT</a> holding the largest share and USDC ranking second.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Metric</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Supply</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Market share</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Total U.S. dollar stablecoin supply</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$292.2 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">—</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Tether USDT</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$183.3 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">62.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Circle USDC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$73.9 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">25.3%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>USDC supply had increased by $1 billion over the preceding week. The figures placed Circle in a substantial but smaller position than Tether within the dollar-backed stablecoin market as Circle moved the USDC brand onto Chelsea’s main shirt.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Regulatory Status Adds Context to the Chelsea Agreement</h2>USDC is positioned to operate under the GENIUS Act framework signed into law by President Donald Trump in 2025. Tether’s USDT primarily operates globally outside that framework, while Tether launched its smaller USAT stablecoin specifically for the U.S. market.Circle also holds U.K. regulatory authorization through an electronic money license issued by the Financial Conduct Authority, which Circle acquired in 2016. That status is relevant to the sponsorship because the FCA warned Premier League and other football clubs in June 2026 about partnerships with unauthorized crypto firms and urged them to consider financial-crime and reputational risks.The FCA also advised Premier League clubs that partnerships with unauthorized cryptocurrency companies could breach U.K. financial-promotion rules. Circle’s existing e-money authorization distinguishes its regulatory position from the unauthorized firms covered by that warning.Chelsea entered the agreement as the reigning FIFA Club World Cup champions. The club opened its domestic campaign with a 3-2 away victory over Fulham while playing without a front-of-shirt sponsor.Chelsea is scheduled to debut its USDC-branded kit at its first home Premier League match of the season against Brighton and Hove Albion. The game will be played at Stamford Bridge, which has a capacity of about 40,000.The Circle sponsorship moves cryptocurrency branding from the sleeve and training-kit placements seen in previous Premier League partnerships to the main central position on Chelsea’s shirt, while giving USDC prominent exposure across the club’s men’s, women’s and academy teams.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Chelsea partnership announcement managed by robot with Circle corporate branding

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Circle Takes Chelsea’s Main Shirt Sponsorship With USDC

<h2>Tokenomics Vote, Fee Reform and Storage Cuts Reshape Network Economics</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Solana’s SGP-0002 would accelerate disinflation and reduce projected issuance by 18.9 million SOL.</li><li>Kraken reversed its SGP-0002 position as the proposal approached its two-thirds approval threshold.</li><li>Anza also began a five-stage program targeting a 90% reduction in Solana account-storage requirements.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr><a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">Solana</a> moved forward with several major economic and governance changes on August 28, 2026, including a proposal to accelerate the decline in new&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">SOL</a> issuance, a disputed transaction-fee overhaul and a phased reduction in the capital needed to maintain token accounts. Contemporary voting snapshots differed on whether the main disinflation proposal, SGP-0002, had already passed or remained just short of its required approval threshold.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>SGP-0002 Would Accelerate Solana’s Path to Terminal Inflation</h2><a href="https://github.com/solana-foundation/solana-governance-proposals/pull/4">SGP-0002</a>, known as Double Disinflation, would double Solana’s disinflation rate from 15% to 30%. Solana would continue issuing new SOL to reward participants that secure the network, but issuance-based rewards would decline more quickly until annual inflation reaches the network’s existing 1.5% floor.The proposal estimates that the faster schedule could result in 18.9 million fewer SOL being issued over six years. One estimate valued that reduction at $1.5 billion. Solana would reach its terminal inflation rate in about 2.8 years instead of 5.7 years, while another description said the network could reach that level as early as 2029.The change would reduce dilution from newly issued SOL for existing holders, but the information provided does not present slower issuance as a guarantee of higher asset prices. Staking rewards funded through issuance could decline faster over time, while validator commissions, transaction fees and other sources of network income would remain unchanged by SGP-0002 itself.A later August 28 voting snapshot showed turnout at 60.17%, above the required one-third quorum. Support stood at 65.15%, representing 169.91 million SOL, leaving the proposal 1.52 percentage points below its required 66.67% approval threshold.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">SGP-0002 voting position</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Share</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">SOL represented</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Support</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">65.15%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">169.91 million SOL</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Opposed</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">25.39%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">66.22 million SOL</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Abstained</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">9.47%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">24.69 million SOL</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/kraken">Kraken</a> became central to the dispute because its voting pool held 8.92 million SOL. Kraken initially joined Figment, Everstake and P2P.org in opposing SGP-0002, a position characterized as preserving&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/DeFi-Staking">staking</a> yields. Helius CEO Mert Mumtaz publicly challenged the opposition and accused the exchanges of mathematical irrationality.Kraken later reversed its vote from “NO” to “YES” following community criticism. The shift was characterized as reshaping the “tug-of-war between&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/whale">whales</a> and the community.” As the vote approached its threshold, Mumtaz also called on Solana founder Anatoly Yakovenko to help mobilize remaining validators.<figure class="image"><img alt="Screenshot 2026-08-29 070432.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/Screenshot_2026_08_29_070432_49bc8ae20c.webp"></figure>Approval alone would not immediately change Solana’s issuance schedule. SGP-0002 would provide a governance mandate, while implementation would require the separate SIMD-0550 technical upgrade. Coordination and rollout among validators were expected to take at least 4.5 months.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Fee Proposal Divides Major Validators</h2><a href="https://github.com/solana-foundation/solana-governance-proposals/blob/bbe76efda2b108daec5f2e8aa7cd4aa6538314c6/proposals/sgp-0003-resource-and-inclusion-fee.md">SGP-0003</a> proposed a separate restructuring of Solana transaction fees. Users currently pay a standard fee based on the number of signatures attached to a transaction. The proposal would instead add a small fixed charge and another charge tied to the amount of network capacity requested.Simple transactions could become cheaper under the proposed system, while more demanding transactions and applications reserving more capacity than necessary could pay more. The additional fee would be destroyed rather than paid to validators.Depending on the final parameters, SGP-0003 could remove between 1,500 and 9,000 SOL from circulation each day. The proposal also required decisions over the fixed charge, the rate at which capacity-related fees would rise and whether the proceeds should be burned.Major validators took sharply different positions. Figment and Staking Facilities supported SGP-0003, while&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/review/jupiter">Jupiter</a>, Bitwise Onchain Solutions and Forward Industries opposed it. Helius, Kraken, Everstake and Kiln placed most or all of their voting stake in the abstain category.A third proposal,&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/solana-foundation/solana-governance-proposals/blob/6f80d91b7c86a30b6ef54bbdbb37e570477b26ce/proposals/sgp-0001-solana-constitution.md">SGP-0001</a>, would establish formal rules for future Solana network decisions and allow individual stakers to override the governance position taken by their validator. It had substantially broader support, with 89.17% of participating stake voting in favor.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Anza Begins Five-Stage Reduction in Solana Account Costs</h2>Separate from the governance votes, Solana core development team Anza began implementing a phased reduction in the amount of capital required for on-chain account storage. Anza announced that the first of five feature gates had gone live as part of a program targeting an eventual 90% reduction.At that stage, only the first reduction had been activated on testnet rather than the complete reduction being active on&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/mainnet">mainnet</a>.The reform is defined by SIMD-0437, written by Igor Durovic from Anza. It changes the&nbsp;lamports_per_byte constant used to determine the minimum account balance required for storage, ultimately lowering that value from 6,960 to 696.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Stage</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">lamports_per_byte level</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Starting level</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">6,960</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Gate 1</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">6,333</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Gate 2</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">5,080</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Gate 3</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">2,575</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Gate 4</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">1,322</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Gate 5</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">696</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>The first gate cuts the constant by approximately 9%. Each later stage requires separate activation based on state-growth information reviewed by Solana’s core developers, making the full reduction conditional on the network progressing through all remaining gates.The Solana Foundation said the storage constant had been established many years earlier and had remained unchanged. Because the requirement was linked to SOL, the cost of storage rose alongside the value of SOL rather than tracking validators’ actual storage costs.Solana rent is not a recurring fee under the system described by the Solana Foundation. It is a fully refundable bond returned when an account is closed. SIMD-0437 reduces the amount of capital that must be deposited upfront.For a standard SPL token account, the rent-exempt deposit would decline from about $0.159 to $0.0159 once the entire program is implemented. For a payments company creating 1 million accounts, the required capital would fall from $159,000 to $15,900, a difference of $143,100.The lower deposits are aimed particularly at&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a> issuers, payment companies, fintech firms and wallets that may create large quantities of token accounts for users. Payment volume on Solana was reported to have increased 755.3% in 2025 as the network was used as a settlement layer for&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a> associated with Western Union, PayPal and Fiserv.Developers are using the phased rollout to limit the risk of state bloat, because every validator must store and index on-chain state. A sixth feature gate can restore the storage constant to its original level if problems emerge, while companion proposal SIMD-0392 would allow rent requirements to be increased later without disrupting existing accounts.Solana Foundation data researcher Umberto Natale modeled the economics of a state-bloat attack after the full reduction. His analysis estimated that exhausting the network’s existing storage headroom would still require about $17.2 million in locked capital, and he concluded that the full reduction would not create systemic risk to the cluster.The rent changes ship with Agave 4.2, Anza’s validator release recommended for mainnet in August 2026. Agave 4.2 also supports 4,096-byte transactions and reduces slot times by half to 200 milliseconds.The Solana Foundation said mainnet feature activations for the release began during the week of August 17. Existing accounts continue operating without being recreated and can reduce their balances to the newly applicable minimum as lower requirements become active.<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/four-form">Four</a> reduction gates remain after the first stage, and each must clear a separate risk review before activation. The stated “90% lower storage costs” figure therefore refers to the completed rollout rather than the reduction already active at the first testnet stage.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>FAQ</h2>What does SGP-0002 change?It accelerates the decline in SOL issuance while keeping the terminal inflation floor unchanged.Why did Kraken attract attention?Kraken reversed its SGP-0002 vote after initially joining several validators in opposition.What does SIMD-0437 reduce?It lowers the minimum capital required to maintain Solana accounts.Is the full storage reduction already active?No. The first stage was activated on testnet, with later gates requiring separate reviews.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Solana governance vote managed by cubic robot steering disinflation proposal

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Solana Pushes Faster Disinflation as Governance Fight Exposes Validator Split

<h2>Upbit’s parent will explore OUSD, cross-border payments and agentic commerce with Visa</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Dunamu and Visa are partnering on stablecoin payments, cross-border remittances, settlement and AI-driven financial services.</li><li>Open Standard’s OUSD is under consideration, but Dunamu said it has not selected or prioritized any particular stablecoin.</li><li>The agreement expands Visa’s South Korean digital-asset push alongside Shinhan Financial Group and growing investment by Samsung and Mirae Asset.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Dunamu, the parent company of South Korean crypto exchange&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/upbit">Upbit</a>, announced on August 28, 2026, that it had&nbsp;<a href="https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10855653">signed</a> a strategic partnership with Visa to develop financial services using&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a> and artificial intelligence, combining Dunamu’s digital-asset technology with Visa’s global payments network.The companies plan to explore&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a>-based payments, cross-border remittances, payment and settlement services and AI-driven finance. Their stated goal is to support safer, more transparent and interoperable use of digital assets and next-generation payments while operating in line with regulations. Dunamu and Visa also plan to examine how stablecoins can connect with existing global payment infrastructure rather than operate solely within separate digital-asset systems.Dunamu CEO Oh Kyung-seok said the agreement reflects the convergence of several emerging financial technologies. “The spread of AI, stablecoins and tokenization is a key trend that will change how finance and commerce operate,” Oh said. “Through cooperation with Visa, we will connect digital assets with existing finance and create new global financial experiences that users can feel.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Agentic commerce becomes a focus of the partnership</h2>Artificial intelligence is another central part of the collaboration. Dunamu and Visa plan to explore AI-powered payment services and infrastructure for agentic commerce, a model in which AI agents search for products or services and complete purchases and payments on a user’s behalf.Yat Siu, co-founder and executive chairman of Animoca Brands, has expressed a similar view of crypto infrastructure for autonomous systems, arguing that digital assets and stablecoins can provide payment rails for machine transactions. “It is going to be a long while before any bank opens a bank account for an AI agent,” Siu said. “Crypto basically solves all of that.”The partnership therefore covers more than consumer checkout applications. Dunamu and Visa are examining how software agents could interact with payment and settlement systems while stablecoins provide a programmable digital payment layer connected to conventional financial infrastructure.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>OUSD is being reviewed, not selected</h2>Dunamu specifically identified&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/news/open-usd-circle-stablecoin-model">Open Standard’s Open USD</a>, or OUSD, as one stablecoin that could be considered in future collaboration with Visa. The companies said they plan to explore business models based on the open-standard stablecoin as well as new payment and settlement experiences.OUSD emerged in June 2026 and had gained support from more than 140 global institutions, including Visa, Mastercard and Google. The U.S. dollar-backed stablecoin was not yet live at the time of the partnership announcement. It is being positioned as shared payment infrastructure with no minting or redemption fees at scale and with reserve revenue largely passed through to participating firms.Dunamu stressed, however, that OUSD is only one of several stablecoin projects under review. A Dunamu spokesperson said: “We are not prioritizing nor excluding specific stablecoins, but are aiming for an open structure that can connect various stablecoins, finance, and payment infrastructure.”The spokesperson added: “The actual asset will be decided after a comprehensive review of market demand, regulatory environment, stability, and suitability.”Dunamu and Samsung Electronics had previously appeared on a list of consortium partners associated with the OUSD project, but both companies later clarified that there was no formal agreement for them to participate. The new Visa partnership therefore establishes cooperation between Dunamu and Visa while leaving the eventual stablecoin choice open.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Visa expands its South Korean stablecoin strategy</h2>Visa’s agreement with Dunamu follows a separate&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/news/shinhan-visa-stablecoin-ai-payments">collaboration with Shinhan Financial Group</a> announced on August 26, covering stablecoins, artificial intelligence and business-to-business payment and settlement infrastructure. The two agreements place Visa alongside both a major conventional financial group and the operator of South Korea’s largest crypto exchange as the company expands its digital-asset activity in the country.Several other developments have accompanied that expansion.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Date</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Entity</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Development</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">May 2026</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Samsung</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Samsung said it acquired a 4% stake in Dunamu.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">July 2026</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Mirae Asset</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Mirae Asset acquired Digital X.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">August 27, 2026</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Mirae Asset</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Mirae Asset outlined $109 billion in crypto ambitions connected with Digital X.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>For Dunamu, the Visa agreement extends its potential role beyond operating Upbit into stablecoin payments, cross-border transfers, settlement and AI-driven commerce linked to a global payments network. The announced work remains an exploration framework covering those areas rather than a completed rollout of the proposed services.For Visa, the partnership adds Dunamu’s digital-asset capabilities to a broader effort to connect stablecoins with existing payment infrastructure while keeping the system open to multiple potential assets. Dunamu’s stated approach is to evaluate stablecoins according to demand, regulation, stability and suitability rather than commit to a single token in advance.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Cubic robot executing autonomous agentic commerce transactions over Visa infrastructure

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Dunamu, Visa Partner on Stablecoin and AI Payment Services

<h2>Former Korbit exchange becomes centerpiece of crypto, stablecoin, RWA and STO strategy</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Mirae Asset Financial Group plans to build a 150 trillion won digital-asset business around Digital X, formerly Korbit.</li><li>Founder and chairman Park Hyeon-joo said Digital X will focus on crypto, stablecoins, RWAs and STOs while targeting profitability by 2027.</li><li>Mirae Asset Consulting acquired control of Korbit in July 2026 before rebranding the exchange and launching a year-long zero-fee campaign.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Mirae Asset Financial Group&nbsp;<a href="https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/business/banking-finance/20260827/mirae-asset-sets-109-bil-target-for-digital-asset-business">plans to build</a> a 150 trillion won ($109 billion) digital-asset business around Digital X, the South Korean cryptocurrency exchange formerly known as&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/korbit">Korbit</a>, as the financial group expands into crypto,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/rwa-crypto-assets">real-world assets</a> and security token offerings.Founder and chairman Park Hyeon-joo outlined the strategy to Digital X employees in Seoul at an event titled “A New Voyage Begins, Together.”Park said Mirae Asset wants Digital X to become profitable by 2027 and positioned the exchange as part of the group’s broader financial-services strategy. “Our initial goal is to make Digital X a core pillar of ‘Mirae Asset 3.0,’” Park said.A longer version of Park’s remarks said, “Our initial goal is to make Digital X a core pillar of ‘Mirae Asset 3.0’ and grow the digital asset business to 150 trillion won ($109 trillion) by leveraging the group’s 1,500 trillion ($1.09 trillion) in client assets.” The $109 trillion figure in that quotation conflicts with the repeatedly stated conversion of the 150 trillion won target to $109 billion.Mirae Asset was also described as having about $1 trillion in assets under management. Park’s reference to 1,500 trillion won in client assets provides the scale of the traditional financial base the group intends to use as it develops Digital X.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Digital X to span crypto, stablecoins and tokenized assets</h2>Park said Digital X will concentrate on four areas: cryptocurrency, stablecoins, real-world assets, or RWAs, and security token offerings, or STOs. The platform also plans to tokenize physical assets including gold, silver and electricity while developing what Park described as an “onchain finance” ecosystem.Mirae Asset had previously said it wanted to turn Korbit into something South Korea had not seen before and develop Digital X into an “intelligent investment platform” where knowledge, information and investment insights are organically connected. Mirae Asset also said it planned an investment ecosystem in which RWAs, STOs, stablecoins and digital assets would be interconnected with traditional assets.Mirae Asset Consulting acquired a 97.15% stake in Korbit in July 2026 for a cumulative 141.4 billion won. The acquisition marked the first time an affiliate of a South Korean financial group took control of a domestic cryptocurrency exchange, after which Korbit was renamed Digital X.Korbit was founded in 2013 and was South Korea’s first cryptocurrency exchange. Despite that history, it accounted for 0.5% of the country’s cryptocurrency trading market in 2025, according to South Korea’s Fair Trade Commission.Digital X began waiving trading fees across all won-denominated assets on Monday, Aug. 24, 2026. The zero-fee policy is scheduled to continue through Aug. 24, 2027, overlapping with Mirae Asset’s target of making the exchange profitable during 2027.South Korea has 11.3 million verified cryptocurrency users and is working on its Digital Asset Basic Act, a broad framework covering stablecoins, virtual asset service provider licensing and cryptocurrency exchange-traded funds.Mirae Asset’s expansion also comes as Shinhan Financial Group, one of South Korea’s five largest financial conglomerates, develops&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a> infrastructure and AI-powered payment models with Visa. Shinhan plans to use Visa’s stablecoin platform to test issuance, remittance and redemption functions while the companies develop a Korea-specific business model.South Korea’s retail cryptocurrency trading volumes often rival those on stock exchanges, making ownership of a licensed exchange a strategic asset for financial groups seeking a direct position in the country’s digital-asset market.Mirae Asset did not immediately provide additional information when contacted.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Digital X robot drives Mirae Asset digital asset expansion plan

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Mirae Asset Targets $109 Billion Digital-Asset Business Around Digital X

<h2>Four-part overhaul targets investor supply overhang and protocol value allocation</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Ethena Foundation announced four ecosystem changes on August 27, 2026, including a seed-investor token buyout and an end to recurring investor unlocks.</li><li>Ethena Foundation and Ethena Labs reached an agreement in principle to move protocol intellectual property and economic benefits to the foundation and ecosystem.</li><li>A governance proposal would direct most qualifying foundation revenue toward ENA buybacks after USDe reaches a specified supply milestone.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr><a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethena-ena">Ethena</a> Foundation on August 27, 2026,&nbsp;<a href="https://ethena.fi/blog/ethena-ecosystem-update">announced</a> a four-part restructuring of the Ethena ecosystem that includes buying locked&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethena-ena">ENA</a> from certain seed investors, ending recurring investor unlocks, shifting protocol intellectual property and economic value to the foundation, and proposing a revenue-funded ENA buyback mechanism.The first measure targeted major seed investors that had already sold ENA. Ethena Foundation said it had “executed a buyout of all locked tokens from certain major seed investors that sold any” of their positions. The transactions were conducted&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/over-the-counter">over the counter</a> during the two weeks preceding the announcement and covered investors whose original allocations exceeded 0.25% of ENA’s total supply.Ethena Foundation separated those investors according to whether they had sold at least one ENA token since the market peak on October 10, 2025. Investors that had not sold during that period were offered the option to sell their locked holdings at their original purchase price without a discount, but none accepted. The foundation acquired the remaining unvested tokens from investors that had sold, except for one&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> that declined the offer.The foundation said participating investors that had previously sold ENA no longer hold unvested tokens that could later enter the market. The foundation did not disclose the identities of the participating investors, the number of ENA tokens purchased or the transaction value.Ethena’s broader group of early investors has included Dragonfly Capital,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/review/okx">OKX</a> Ventures, Arthur Hayes’ Maelstrom, Nic Carter’s Castle Island Ventures, Franklin Templeton and Galaxy Digital. A separate funding reference also lists Pantera Capital, Polychain Capital and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/review/binance">Binance</a> Labs among Ethena’s backers. The available information does not establish which of those investors participated in the buyout.Ethena has raised $166 million across funding rounds. Some of those early allocations are the locked investor holdings now affected by the restructuring.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Investor unlocks move toward one-time conclusion</h2>Ethena Foundation and its lead investors also agreed to release all remaining original investor tokens beginning October 5, 2026, replacing the existing monthly investor-unlock schedule.The change is intended to remove the recurring overhang associated with venture-capital unlocks. Team tokens will continue to follow their original vesting schedules rather than being included in the accelerated investor release.About 12% of ENA’s total supply is expected to remain locked and unvested after the restructuring. Those holdings will consist of team, ecosystem and foundation allocations.StablecoinX will remain outside the revised investor-unlock treatment. Ethena Foundation said StablecoinX is one of the two largest ENA holders and controls around 20% of total supply. Its tokens will continue to follow a separate lockup schedule specified in its publicly filed token purchase agreement.The foundation’s investor buyout and the October release are separate mechanisms. The buyout involved locked or unvested allocations acquired directly from selected seed investors through OTC transactions, while the broader unlock change ends the recurring schedule for remaining original investor allocations.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Protocol value would shift to Ethena Foundation</h2>Ethena Foundation and Ethena Labs have also reached an agreement in principle on a Master Framework Agreement governing ownership of the protocol and the economic value it generates.Under the proposed structure, substantially all material intellectual property associated with the Ethena protocol would either be assigned or exclusively licensed to Ethena Foundation and its ecosystem instead of benefiting Ethena Labs equity holders.Economic benefits from the protocol would also accrue to the foundation and ecosystem rather than Ethena Labs shareholders. That arrangement would include proceeds from any future sale of the underlying business.Ethena Foundation said the framework formalizes arrangements that have existed since the foundation was established. The Master Framework Agreement is expected to be published in October 2026.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Governance proposal links foundation revenue to ENA buybacks</h2>Ethena Foundation has opened a governance vote on a fee switch that would direct an increasing share of protocol revenue toward ENA token purchases as&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethena-usde-usde">USDe</a> supply reaches specified milestones.Once USDe reaches the first required supply milestone, 95% of net revenue paid to Ethena Foundation from its three core business lines would be used to buy back ENA. The remaining 5% would fund growth.Those business lines are USDe savings products, Ethena’s white-label&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a> and “Ethena [X],” which was scheduled to launch the week after the August 27 announcement.The proposed fee switch has not been presented as an already active buyback program. It is a governance proposal tied to a future USDe supply threshold and applies specifically to qualifying net revenue paid to Ethena Foundation.The revenue-funded mechanism is also distinct from the seed-investor transactions. The earlier buyout involved locked allocations obtained directly from investors, while the fee-switch proposal would create a future mechanism for using foundation revenue to purchase ENA.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Ethena scale, market data and recent institutional deals</h2>Ethena operates a synthetic-dollar protocol on&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a>. Its USDe token seeks to maintain its dollar value by combining crypto collateral with short&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/futures-contract">futures</a> positions, a structure different from cash-backed stablecoins.The following figures summarize protocol scale, ENA market data and other quantitative details contained in the available information:<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Metric</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Figure</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Timing or context</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Ethena&nbsp;total value locked</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">About $5.4 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">As of June 2026</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Cumulative protocol fees</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">About $983 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Since launch</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">ENA price</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Around $0.166</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">COIN360 market data cited for the current&nbsp;crypto price snapshot</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">ENA 24-hour move</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">More than 20%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">At the time of the market snapshot</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">ENA coin&nbsp;market cap</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">More than $1.62 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">At the same market snapshot</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">ENA price one week earlier</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Around $0.085</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Approximately one week before the cited market level</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">ENA&nbsp;all-time high</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$1.52</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">April 2024</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Hack VC-linked ENA sale</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$3 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Reported during a 58% rally, hours before the foundation announcement</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">FalconX-Ethena secured lending facility</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$1 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Opened in August 2026</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Coinbase Ventures partnership reach</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">More than 100 million users</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Combined user base targeted by onchain savings products announced in June 2026</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>A separate embedded FAQ contained an older ENA snapshot showing a crypto price near $0.085, an $833 million&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/market-cap">market capitalization</a>, a No. 59 ranking and a 200-day average of about $0.13. Those figures conflicted with the contemporaneous article-body snapshot and appeared to represent an earlier point in time.Coinbase Ventures bought ENA on the open market in June 2026 and partnered with Ethena on onchain savings products. FalconX and Ethena later opened the secured lending facility in August, using reserves backing USDe for overcollateralized institutional loans and providing a yield source outside futures funding.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>FAQ</h2>What happens to team ENA tokens?They remain locked under their existing vesting schedules.What assets stay locked after the investor changes?The remaining locked supply consists of team, ecosystem and foundation holdings.What revenue would fund ENA purchases?Qualifying net revenue from USDe savings, white-label stablecoins and Ethena [X].Is the revenue-funded ENA buyback already active?No. It is a governance proposal tied to a future USDe supply milestone.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Ethena Foundation robot triggers revenue fee switch for ENA buybacks

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Ethena Foundation Reshapes ENA Unlocks, Ownership and Buyback Framework

<h2>Hash-based QSB protects eligible holdings while millions of exposed coins remain outside its reach</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>StarkWare said a quantum-safe Bitcoin transaction was mined on mainnet on August 26, 2026, using existing consensus rules.</li><li>Quantum-Safe Bitcoin, developed by StarkWare researcher Avihu Levy, shifts the protected spending condition from elliptic-curve signatures toward hash-based security.</li><li>QSB cannot protect coins with already-visible public keys and remains nonstandard, costly and dependent on direct miner submission.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>StarkWare said&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin</a> completed its first quantum-safe&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/mainnet">mainnet</a> transaction on August 26, 2026, showing that some holders can move eligible coins into&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/hash">hash</a>-based protection against a&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/learn/quantum-computing-crypto-threat">future quantum attack</a> without waiting for a Bitcoin protocol upgrade. The transaction demonstrated a working protection path for holdings whose public keys remain concealed, but it did not make Bitcoin itself quantum-safe and does not protect coins whose public keys are already exposed.The transaction used Quantum-Safe Bitcoin, or QSB, a construction developed by StarkWare researcher Avihu Levy. Levy published the underlying research in April 2026, and StarkWare engineer Tomer Giladi later helped turn the proposal into a working mainnet transaction. QSB changes the critical spending condition for a protected transaction away from elliptic-curve signatures and toward hash-based security while remaining valid under Bitcoin’s current consensus rules.StarkWare&nbsp;<a href="https://starkware.co/blog/the-first-quantum-safe-bitcoin-transaction-has-been-mined/">said</a>, “A quantum-safe transaction was mined on the Bitcoin mainnet today that holds up against an adversary running a working quantum computer.” The company added, “Bitcoin holders now have a way to move coins into storage a quantum computer cannot open.”The transaction, identified as 305a24ffea912b9cf428f29ebf952321c96dab5bab284fc0d0801562f5abab07, was included in Bitcoin block 964,199 after being submitted directly to Bitcoin miner MARA through its Slipstream service. Earlier post-quantum experiments had tested approaches using Bitcoin Script and Blockstream’s&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/liquid">Liquid</a> sidechain, while the latest test showed that Bitcoin mainnet itself can accept a hash-based spending path without a consensus change.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>How Quantum-Safe Bitcoin works</h2>QSB relies on the fact that many Bitcoin addresses keep a holder’s&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/public-key">public key</a> concealed behind a cryptographic hash until the holder spends from that&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/wallet-address">address</a>. That delay creates a window in which eligible coins can be moved before the classical public key is revealed and potentially becomes a target for a sufficiently capable&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/quantum-computing">quantum computer</a>.The method uses a process called “signature grinding.” Candidate transaction data are repeatedly varied off-chain until the resulting transaction hash has a form Bitcoin accepts as a validly formatted signature. The computation takes place before broadcast, shifting the protected spend’s security assumption away from elliptic-curve cryptography and toward the difficulty of reversing cryptographic hash functions.Bitcoin uses elliptic-curve cryptography to authorize transactions, which a sufficiently powerful quantum computer running Shor’s algorithm could theoretically break to derive&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/private-key">private keys</a> from exposed public keys and steal funds. Quantum computers can also accelerate attacks on hashes, but their advantage against hashes is substantially smaller than the advantage Shor’s algorithm provides against public-key cryptography, giving QSB a potential migration route for coins whose public keys remain hidden.StarkWare Chief Executive Eli Ben-Sasson cautioned against treating the experiment as a complete solution. “This amazing feat should not be viewed as a message saying ‘Bitcoin is prepared for the quantum threat.’ Far from it,” Ben-Sasson wrote.Ben-Sasson said the successful transaction proves that workable approaches exist while the larger task remains building a migration path before quantum hardware becomes capable of threatening exposed keys. StarkWare continues to favor a soft fork as Bitcoin’s long-term defense, with QSB serving as a way to protect qualifying holdings before such an upgrade is adopted.“I still want Bitcoin to choose to do a soft fork and I expect we will get one,” StarkWare CEO Eli Ben-Sasson said. “What today’s successful transaction offers Bitcoin is a reassurance that holdings can be protected before that happens.”A soft fork can introduce additional Bitcoin rules while remaining compatible with older nodes, while a hard fork introduces rules incompatible with older software and can split the network. StarkWare’s position is that QSB can provide an interim protection mechanism for individual holdings, but broader protocol changes are still needed for network-scale preparation.Ben-Sasson reinforced that point in another statement: “I hope whatever attention this brilliant work gets will also help folks hear loud and clear our message: Huston, we've got a problem, and the way to fix it should be to get serious about serious soft forks for [Bitcoin].” He added, “That's how catastrophe can be avoided, and we still have time.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Already-exposed Bitcoin remains outside QSB protection</h2>QSB cannot protect Bitcoin whose public keys are already visible. Older pay-to-public-key outputs, Taproot outputs and reused addresses remain exposed because a future quantum attacker could target those keys before their owners completed a migration.<a href="https://coin360.com/review/coinbase">Coinbase</a>’s quantum advisory council <a href="https://www.coinbase.com/blog/coinbase-quantum-advisory-council-post-quantum-migration-and-abandoned-coins">estimated</a> in June 2026 that roughly 7 million&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">BTC</a> could be vulnerable because of exposed public keys and address reuse. The potentially exposed group includes coins associated with older address formats, Taproot use and reused addresses, meaning those holdings do not retain the concealed-key window on which QSB depends.That leaves Bitcoin facing two distinct technical problems: creating migration tools for holders whose public keys remain hidden and developing a protocol-level answer for coins whose public keys are already exposed. The mainnet QSB transaction demonstrated a working approach to the first problem, while the second remains unresolved for millions of Bitcoin.QSB also remains impractical for ordinary&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> use under current conditions. Although its transaction is valid under Bitcoin consensus rules, it is nonstandard under default&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/node">node</a> policy and would not normally propagate through the public mempool. StarkWare therefore submitted the transaction directly to MARA through Slipstream, which handles certain transactions that are consensus-valid but fall outside normal relay policies.Computational requirements create another limitation. StarkWare said the mainnet experiment cost several hundred dollars, while the project’s open-source repository estimates approximately $75 to $150 for some configured cloud-GPU search phases required during the off-chain grinding process.Those constraints make QSB a specialized migration mechanism for qualifying holdings rather than a routine network-wide solution. The experiment established that a quantum-resistant spend can work on Bitcoin mainnet under existing consensus conditions, but it did not resolve Bitcoin’s broader quantum-security challenge.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Institutions increase focus on Bitcoin quantum security</h2>Quantum risk has also moved into institutional security planning. BlackRock, Coinbase, Strategy and six other institutions formed the <a href="https://coin360.com/news/bitcoin-consortium-quantum-defense">Bitcoin Security Consortium</a> in July 2026 and pledged a combined $15 million over three years toward Bitcoin security research, including post-quantum cryptography.The consortium members direct their funding independently rather than through a shared pool. The U.S. Treasury has also incorporated digital assets into broader financial-sector quantum-readiness planning.The August mainnet test separates two claims that StarkWare has emphasized throughout the development: Bitcoin can already execute a quantum-safe transaction for certain eligible coins, but Bitcoin as a network is not yet quantum-safe. QSB provides a working path for holdings whose public keys remain concealed, while already-exposed keys and network-wide migration still require a broader protocol solution.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

StarkWare robot secures Bitcoin mainnet transaction with quantum defense

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Bitcoin Tests Quantum-Safe Mainnet Transaction Without Protocol Upgrade

<h2>Seoul decisions strengthen exchange’s effort to recover proceeds from mistaken Bitcoin credits</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>A Seoul court on August 27, 2026, ordered a Bithumb customer to return about 194 million won after selling mistakenly credited Bitcoin.</li><li>The case stems from a February 6 promotion error that put roughly 620,000 BTC into customer account records without matching reserves.</li><li>Bithumb had recovered 99.7% of the affected Bitcoin by March 10 as regulators tightened exchange reconciliation requirements.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>The Seoul Central District Court&nbsp;<a href="https://www.digitalasset.works/news/articleView.html?idxno=42671">ordered</a> a Bithumb customer on August 27, 2026, to return approximately 194 million won, valued at about $140,000-$145,000, after the customer sold&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin</a> mistakenly credited during a February accounting error. The court treated the proceeds as unjust enrichment, giving Bithumb its second favorable ruling in two consecutive days as the South Korean exchange seeks to recover money generated from erroneous account balances.The decision was issued by the 90th Civil Division of the Seoul Central District Court, presided over by Judge Kim Yoo-sung. The judgment concerns cash generated from the sale of the mistakenly credited Bitcoin rather than any Bitcoin the defendant may still hold. Bithumb had filed the civil claim in March as part of a broader recovery effort against customers who sold assets they had received through the error and did not return the resulting proceeds.Bithumb’s first recent victory came on August 26, when the same court awarded the exchange 5 million won, or about $3,620, in the smallest of four claims. Two additional cases remained pending, while the four claims together represented about 714 million won in disputed proceeds.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Claim status</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Amount in won</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Dollar equivalent</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">First favorable ruling</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">5 million won</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$3,620</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Pending claim</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">14.8 million won</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$10,700</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Pending claim</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">500 million won</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$362,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Total across four claims</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">714 million won</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">About $517,000</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Some filings were served through public notice. The immediate sums involved in the lawsuits are small relative to the scale of the original accounting error, but the consecutive decisions establish that allowing an erroneous balance to appear in an account and temporarily become tradable does not automatically give a customer the right to keep proceeds generated from it.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Promotion error created billions in phantom Bitcoin balances</h2>The incident began on February 6 during a Bithumb “random-box” promotion intended to distribute small cash rewards. An employee processing the rewards entered Bitcoin instead of Korean won as the payment unit, causing internal records across hundreds of customer accounts to display approximately 620,000&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">BTC</a>.At prevailing market prices, those balances had a nominal value exceeding $40 billion. Bithumb did not actually own or transfer that amount of Bitcoin, however. The entries existed inside the exchange’s internal accounting system without corresponding BTC reserves, creating what was characterized as “ghost Bitcoin” inside its ledger. Bithumb’s actual Bitcoin holdings were about 40,000 BTC, making the mistaken recorded balance roughly 15.5 times larger than the exchange’s holdings.Centralized exchange accounting allows balances to move between customer records without requiring each internal movement to correspond immediately to an on-chain&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> transfer. The Bithumb incident showed how an operational error within such a system could create a balance that appeared available for trading even though the underlying asset had never actually been transferred to the customer.Bithumb moved to restrict activity after detecting the mistake, but some customers were able to use the erroneous balances before trading was fully stopped. The available information contains a small numerical discrepancy over how much Bitcoin entered the market: one figure states that approximately 1,786 BTC were sold, while another says about 1,788 BTC reached the&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/order-book">order book</a>. The figures should be treated separately rather than reconciled.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Reported measure</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Figure</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Bitcoin sold before operations were blocked</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Approximately 1,786 BTC</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Bitcoin reaching the order book before activity was halted</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">About 1,788 BTC</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Bithumb was described as reacting within minutes, while trading was also reported to have continued for roughly 40 minutes before activity was halted. The sudden supply from the erroneous balances pushed the BTC/KRW pair down about 17% on Bithumb. The decline was a localized price distortion on the exchange rather than a comparable decline in Bitcoin’s global market.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Bithumb recovered most assets as lawsuits followed</h2>Bithumb began reversing false credits and recovering assets after the error. By March 10, the exchange said it had recovered 99.7% of the Bitcoin involved in the broader miscredit. That left 0.3% unrecovered, with the remaining disputes centered on customers who had sold parts of the erroneous balances and refused to return the cash proceeds.The exchange also sought to freeze a small number of outstanding coins. Some traders affected by the disruption received 110% compensation. Bithumb then initiated several civil lawsuits during March to recover remaining amounts, leading to the court decisions issued months later.The Financial Supervisory Service said the mistaken balances could qualify as unjust enrichment, supporting the legal basis for Bithumb’s recovery effort. South Korean regulators treated the incident as a control failure and began an emergency review the following day, approximately February 7. Financial regulators examined the case, while lawmakers opened an urgent inquiry into the handling of erroneous exchange balances.Authorities subsequently required licensed cryptocurrency exchanges to reconcile customer ledgers against actual holdings every five minutes. The Bank of Korea also considered a market circuit breaker after the incident, which had demonstrated how an internal accounting mistake could produce a sharp localized trading disruption despite the absence of corresponding assets on-chain.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Bithumb robot reclaims funds following court ruling on Bitcoin error

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Bithumb Wins Court Rulings Over 620,000 BTC Accounting Error

<h2>Brokerage broadens direct digital-asset access after launching bitcoin and ether trading</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Charles Schwab plans to add SOL, AVAX and LINK to Schwab Crypto after initially launching direct bitcoin and ether trading.</li><li>The three assets are expected to become available “in the coming months,” although Schwab has not set a specific launch date.</li><li>Schwab charges 0.75% per crypto transaction, while staking, wallet transfers and several other account functions remain unresolved.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Charles Schwab&nbsp;<a href="https://pressroom.aboutschwab.com/press-releases/press-release/2026/Charles-Schwab-Announces-Plans-to-Expand-Digital-Assets-Available-in-Schwab-Crypto-Accounts/default.aspx">announced</a> on August 27, 2026, that it plans to add&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">Solana</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/avalanche-avax">Avalanche</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/chainlink-link">Chainlink</a> to Schwab Crypto, expanding its direct cryptocurrency offering beyond bitcoin and ether. Eligible clients will be able to buy and sell&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">SOL</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/avalanche-avax">AVAX</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/chainlink-link">LINK</a> through Schwab Crypto accounts when the additional assets become available.Schwab said the additions are part of its effort to “thoughtfully expand” its digital-asset offering with established cryptocurrencies that align with client demand. The assets are expected to become available “in the coming months.” Schwab has provided no specific launch date and said it may delay, modify or withdraw support depending on regulatory, operational or market developments.The planned expansion follows Schwab Crypto’s May 2026 rollout of direct bitcoin and ether trading. Adding the three assets would bring the platform’s directly tradable cryptocurrency lineup to five assets:&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">BTC</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">ETH</a>, SOL, AVAX and LINK.Joe Vietri, Head of Digital Assets at Charles Schwab, said the expansion is intended to fit cryptocurrency exposure into clients’ broader relationship with the brokerage. “With this expansion, clients will have more choices to build a digital asset&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/allocation">allocation</a> alongside the investing and banking experience they know and trust at Schwab,” Vietri said.“These additions are consistent with our approach to provide clients with access to familiar cryptocurrencies backed by an ecosystem of education, tools, resources, and support to make informed decisions about how crypto might fit into their broader investing goals,” Vietri added.Schwab oversees more than $12 trillion in client assets and has about 39 million active brokerage accounts. A more precise company figure cited for the end of July showed $13.04 trillion in client assets and 39.9 million active brokerage accounts, giving the planned listings access to customers who already use Schwab for stocks, funds, cash and retirement savings.The expansion also fits Schwab’s broader digital-asset strategy. By June 2026, Schwab had introduced direct retail crypto trading and was preparing transfer, trading and custody services for independent financial advisors.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>SOL, AVAX and LINK serve different blockchain roles</h2>The three planned additions have different functions despite commonly being grouped among larger crypto assets. SOL is Solana’s native asset, AVAX supports the Avalanche ecosystem, and LINK supports Chainlink’s oracle and cross-chain infrastructure.SOL pays transaction fees on Solana and can be delegated to validators through&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/DeFi-Staking">staking</a>. Demand for the token can reflect activity across decentralized exchanges, payments, tokenized assets and consumer applications operating on Solana.AVAX is used to pay transaction fees and supports staking within the Avalanche ecosystem. Avalanche also provides infrastructure for organizations building customized&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> environments, while application use, network adoption and validator participation can influence demand for AVAX.LINK supports Chainlink services that deliver external data to blockchain applications and help separate blockchain networks exchange information. Its infrastructure role therefore extends across multiple blockchain ecosystems rather than being limited to one application network.The five cryptocurrencies available or planned for Schwab Crypto could still behave as a concentrated allocation during a broad market selloff. SOL and AVAX share exposure to conditions affecting smart-contract networks, while LINK has a different functional role but remains closely tied to broader cryptocurrency market sentiment.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Schwab’s 0.75% fee applies to each transaction</h2>Schwab charges 75 basis points on the dollar value of every cryptocurrency transaction, equal to 0.75% of the amount bought or sold. The charge applies separately to purchases and sales.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Trade value</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Fee at 0.75%</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$500</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$3.75</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$1,000</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$7.50</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$5,000</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$37.50</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$10,000</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$75</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>A purchase valued at $1,000 followed by a sale at the same value would incur $15 in total trading charges because the fee applies on both sides. Ten separate transactions of that size would generate $75 in charges. Quoted prices, supported order types and execution quality can also affect the final cost of trading.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Staking, transfers and account functionality remain unresolved</h2>Schwab has confirmed buying and selling for the planned assets, while several functions remain unresolved in the product documentation. Those include whether clients can deposit tokens from external wallets, withdraw purchased assets to self-custody, stake SOL or AVAX, use specific market and limit orders, and how Schwab will source prices and execute trades.Those distinctions affect how clients can use the assets. Trading access alone can provide price exposure, while using SOL in an application, delegating AVAX to a validator or holding tokens in a personal&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> would require additional account functionality.SOL and AVAX can generate protocol rewards through suitable staking arrangements, but Schwab has made no commitment to offer staking. Wallet transfers also remain unconfirmed, so the announced expansion currently establishes direct buying and selling rather than broader blockchain functionality.Charles Schwab Premier Bank offers the crypto accounts, but cryptocurrencies held through them are outside FDIC deposit insurance and SIPC protection. The assets are speculative and can lose their entire value, even though they may appear alongside other financial products within the same Schwab relationship.Schwab Crypto accounts are available across most U.S. states, with New York and Louisiana excluded. The service is also unavailable in U.S. territories and international jurisdictions, and applicants remain subject to eligibility review.The source material also notes that SOL, AVAX and LINK have each experienced severe historical declines, making position size relevant to the amount an investor can afford to lose without affecting essential savings or long-term financial plans.The usefulness of the expanded platform will depend on the final account terms. Schwab’s transaction fee is already established, while transfer rights, staking access, order types and execution details will determine the functionality available when the three planned listings go live.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Schwab robot introduces Solana, Avalanche, and Chainlink to platform

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Charles Schwab to Add Solana, Avalanche and Chainlink to Crypto Platform

<h2>Attack targeted lending markets after MAMO collateral value was artificially inflated</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Moonwell investigated an Aug. 27 exploit on Base after CertiK and PeckShield estimated losses at about $8.7 million.</li><li>Security firms said the attacker manipulated the relatively illiquid MAMO collateral price and borrowed valuable assets from Moonwell markets.</li><li>The episode was Moonwell’s fourth pricing-related incident in less than a year.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Moonwell investigated an exploit affecting its MAMO Core Market on Base on Aug. 27, 2026, after CertiK and PeckShield&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/PeckShieldAlert/status/2092929813959049347">estimated</a> losses at approximately $8.7 million and identified manipulation of the relatively illiquid MAMO token’s collateral value as the attack mechanism.<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet_2092929813959049347_20260827_210626_via_10015_io.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2092929813959049347_20260827_210626_via_10015_io_8954aad022.webp"></figure>Moonwell responded by restricting activity across its Base lending markets. “As a precaution, borrow caps for all Core Markets on Base have been set to 1 wei, preventing new borrowing and limiting the potential for further impact,” Moonwell&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/MoonwellDeFi/status/2092935617688805818">said</a> on X. “The supply caps for MAMO and WELL have also been set to 1 wei. All other supply caps remain unchanged.”<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet-2092935617688805818.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2092935617688805818_ed140baf6d.webp"></figure>Blockaid said its Exploit Detection system identified suspicious activity involving Moonwell approximately an hour after the attack began. Blockaid said: “An attacker manipulated MAMO collateral pricing to borrow cbBTC from the mCBTC market. Observed impact so far: 50.6 cbBTC ($4.0M+) drained.” Its alert was posted Aug. 27.<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet_2092912022555902094_20260827_210454_via_10015_io.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2092912022555902094_20260827_210454_via_10015_io_085684a942.webp"></figure>CertiK&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/CertiKAlert/status/2092917519946539061">said</a> the attacker manipulated MAMO’s collateral value and then borrowed real cbBTC from Moonwell’s mCBTC market. Blockaid independently identified the same apparent mechanism, while PeckShield later estimated that approximately $8.7 million had been drained and said the funds were consolidated into&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/dai-dai">DAI</a> at a single&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/wallet-address">address</a>.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Attacker reportedly spent millions pushing MAMO higher</h2>The attack relied on increasing the market value of MAMO, a relatively illiquid token accepted as collateral on Moonwell, and borrowing other assets against the inflated valuation. The attacker reportedly spent $7 million pumping MAMO before selling the token after the attack at an estimated $3.8 million loss.Assets borrowed during the incident included cbBTC,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/usd-coin-usdc">USDC</a>, WETH and wstETH. After Blockaid’s initial estimate of more than $4 million in observed losses, the amount continued rising, with later estimates from CertiK and PeckShield reaching approximately $8.7 million. Another description of the incident characterized the deposits drained from Moonwell as almost $9 million.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Metric</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Amount</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Attribution or status</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Initial cbBTC impact</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">50.6 cbBTC, worth $4.0M+</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Observed by Blockaid</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Later exploit estimate</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Approximately $8.7 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Estimated by CertiK and PeckShield</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Capital reportedly used to push MAMO higher</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$7 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Reported attacker spending</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Estimated loss on MAMO disposal</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$3.8 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Reported estimate</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">DAI held at attacker address</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">8.7 million DAI</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Observed after proceeds were swapped</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>The proceeds were swapped into DAI, characterized as a non-freezable&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a>, and 8.7 million DAI was held at&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a> address 0xD71dD9B6e634412713c47fe7aE02c628e338C384. The address had been funded through&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/tornado-cash-torn">Tornado Cash</a>.WELL fell around 13% over the preceding 24 hours, while MAMO dropped roughly 9% over the same period. Moonwell said it would share further updates as more information became available.The Aug. 27 incident occurred during a period in which multiple&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/decentralised-finance">DeFi</a> protocols had been hacked for more than $600 million since April 2026. That total was led by a $292 million exploit of Kelp&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/dao-maker-dao">DAO</a>. The source material characterized the period as one of the worst stretches for DeFi exploits and suggested advances in artificial intelligence appeared to be contributing to the broader activity.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Moonwell has faced four pricing-related incidents in less than a year</h2>The latest attack marked Moonwell’s fourth pricing-related incident in less than a year. The previous events involved a market price discrepancy, an oracle malfunction and an incorrect collateral valuation, while the Aug. 27 incident involved deliberate manipulation of MAMO’s collateral price.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Date</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Incident</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Financial impact</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Oct. 10, 2025</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Price discrepancy during a market crash</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$12 million in liquidations and $1.7 million in bad debt</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">November 2025</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">wrsETH/ETH oracle malfunction following fallout from the&nbsp;Balancer hack</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$3.7 million in bad debt</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">February 2026</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">A “vibe-coded” contract valued cbETH at $1.12 instead of 1.12 ETH when its true value was around $2,200</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$1.8 million in bad debt</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Aug. 27, 2026</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">MAMO collateral-price manipulation on Base</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Approximately $8.7 million drained</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>The October episode occurred during the Oct. 10 market crash and resulted in liquidations as well as bad debt. The following month, fallout from the Balancer hack led to problems with Moonwell’s wrsETH/ETH oracle. February’s incident triggered sudden liquidations of positions backed by cbETH after the contract assigned the asset the wrong value.The Aug. 27 attack differed because the attacker was reported to have deliberately moved the price of thinly traded MAMO before borrowing against the inflated collateral. Moonwell’s response focused on preventing further borrowing by reducing the relevant market caps to effectively negligible levels.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>FAQ</h2>What Moonwell market was affected?The MAMO Core Market on Base.Which security firms estimated the total loss?CertiK and PeckShield each put losses at approximately $8.7 million.Which assets were borrowed during the attack?cbBTC, USDC, WETH and wstETH.How did Moonwell restrict further borrowing?It set Base Core Market borrow caps and MAMO and WELL supply caps to 1 wei.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Moonwell robot investigates drained crypto vault after MAMO token manipulation

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Moonwell investigates $8.7 million Base exploit tied to MAMO price manipulation

<h2>Bitcoin can secure a separate down-payment loan without forcing borrowers to sell their holdings</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Better Mortgage and Coinbase have made their token-backed conforming mortgage generally available to Coinbase One members.</li><li>The structure pairs a Fannie Mae-backed mortgage with a separate Bitcoin-secured down-payment loan.</li><li>Borrowers can retain their Bitcoin while using it as collateral, subject to Better’s underwriting and repayment requirements.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Better Mortgage and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/review/coinbase">Coinbase</a> announced on Aug. 26, 2026, that their token-backed conforming mortgage was&nbsp;<a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20260826839882/en/Better-Coinbase-Announce-General-Availability-of-First-Token-backed-Conforming-Mortgage-to-Expand-Homeownership-Access-for-a-New-Generation-of-Mortgage-Borrowers">generally available</a> to Coinbase One members, expanding a home-financing structure that allows eligible U.S. borrowers to pledge&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin</a> as collateral for a down payment without selling it. The expanded offer had become available to Coinbase One members applying for eligible Better mortgage products on Aug. 12, 2026.The companies first announced the token-backed mortgage in March 2026 and initially offered it through an early-access program. The first lien is structured as a standard conforming mortgage under Fannie Mae guidelines, while the crypto-backed portion operates as a separate down-payment loan secured by Bitcoin.According to Coinbase’s Help Center, borrowers must pledge Bitcoin worth at least 250% of the down-payment loan. The pledged Bitcoin is transferred to Better’s custodial account on Coinbase Prime and remains there under the loan terms.The mortgage and the Bitcoin-secured down-payment loan carry the same interest rate and amortization term, Coinbase said. Borrowers repay both through a single monthly payment, and the pledged Bitcoin is returned after the mortgage is fully repaid or refinanced, subject to the loan terms.<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin price</a> declines alone do not trigger margin calls or changes to the mortgage terms. Better can, however, liquidate the pledged Bitcoin if a borrower becomes 60 days delinquent on payments, according to Coinbase.Borrowers must be U.S. residents with a verified Coinbase account and remain subject to Better’s credit, income and other underwriting requirements.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Coinbase One members receive lender credit</h2>Coinbase One members approved for eligible Better home-financing products can receive a lender credit equal to 1% of the mortgage value, capped at $10,000. Better said the credit is applied against closing costs and reflected on the borrower’s closing disclosure.The lender credit also applies to eligible standard mortgages, home equity lines of credit and refinances.Better and Coinbase said in June 2026 that the down-payment collateral program would support Bitcoin and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/usd-coin-usdc">USDC</a>. The companies also opened a waitlist that month to gauge early demand ahead of general availability.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Metric</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Figure</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Details</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Waitlist respondents already using Coinbase One</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">76%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Share of respondents already subscribed to Coinbase One</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Respondents planning a home purchase</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">60%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Share saying they intended to buy a home within six months</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Projected waitlist loan volume</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">More than $260 million</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Projected volume before general availability</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Better loans funded to date</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">More than $110 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Total loans funded by Better</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Pre-approved customers lacking enough cash</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">41%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Customers qualifying on income and credit but lacking sufficient cash for a traditional down payment</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Ziggy Jonsson, chief technology officer at Better Mortgage, said, “This partnership has always been about expanding access to homeownership by meeting borrowers where they are.”“By allowing Coinbase One members to pledge crypto as collateral without selling their holdings, we're opening a new path toward homeownership for a generation of borrowers whose wealth increasingly lives onchain,” Jonsson said.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Crypto gains a larger role in mortgage underwriting</h2>The product follows broader efforts to incorporate cryptocurrency into U.S. mortgage underwriting. In June 2025, the Federal Housing Finance Agency directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to develop proposals to consider cryptocurrency held on U.S.-regulated centralized exchanges as an asset in single-family mortgage risk assessments without requiring conversion to U.S. dollars.The Federal Housing Finance Agency also directed the two government-sponsored enterprises to consider risk-mitigation measures addressing cryptocurrency volatility and to submit proposed changes to their boards for approval before FHFA review.Mortgage lender and servicer Newrez announced in January 2026 that it would begin recognizing certain cryptocurrency holdings when evaluating mortgage applications starting in February 2026, including applications for home purchases and refinancing.The expansion comes while U.S. housing prices remain historically elevated. The median sales price of a new U.S. home was about $400,000 in 2026, according to U.S. Census Bureau and Department of Housing and Urban Development data compiled by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. New-home prices had declined from their 2022 levels but remained historically high.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Better and Coinbase expand crypto-backed mortgage down-payment options

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Better, Coinbase Expand Crypto-Backed Mortgage Access

<h2>Partnership targets issuance, settlement, card payments and Korea-specific financial infrastructure</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Shinhan Financial Group and Visa agreed on August 26, 2026, to develop stablecoin infrastructure, AI-based payment models and B2B and B2C payment services.</li><li>Shinhan plans to use Visa’s enterprise stablecoin platform to test issuance, remittance and redemption while jointly designing a Korea-specific business model.</li><li>The initiative extends Shinhan’s digital-asset work after earlier stablecoin payment and Korean won-denominated tokenized-fund projects.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Shinhan Financial Group and Visa&nbsp;<a href="https://en.fnnews.com/news/202608260930143481">signed</a> a strategic business agreement on August 26, 2026, to develop&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a>-based financial infrastructure, artificial intelligence-powered payment models and business payment services in South Korea. Shinhan plans to use Visa’s enterprise stablecoin platform to test issuance, remittance and redemption while the companies jointly design a business model tailored to the country’s financial environment.Shinhan Financial Group is one of South Korea’s five largest financial conglomerates. The agreement is the first formal adoption of Visa’s enterprise stablecoin infrastructure by a top-tier South Korean financial group and is intended to test a full domestic settlement stack. Visa launched the enterprise infrastructure in July 2026.Visa and Shinhan also plan joint pilot projects that would apply&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a> to bank card payment settlement while expanding business-to-business and business-to-consumer payment services. The partnership will separately examine AI-based future payment models as part of Shinhan’s broader “future finance” business.“Through this agreement, we have expanded our long-standing partnership with Visa to the broader digital finance sector,” Jin Ok-dong, CEO of Shinhan Financial Group, said. “Going forward, we will combine Shinhan's financial capabilities with Visa's global infrastructure to jointly design new future finance models and deliver differentiated financial experiences to our customers.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Shinhan plans to involve banking and card subsidiaries</h2>Shinhan said it plans to combine the capabilities of major subsidiaries including Shinhan Bank, Shinhan Card and Jeju Bank with Visa’s global payment network and digital technology. The group reported net income of 1.82 trillion won, or $1.3 billion, in the last quarter and has around 134 trillion won, or $100 billion, in assets under management.The Visa partnership also places the payment company ahead of Mastercard in bank-native stablecoin settlement infrastructure in South Korea, according to the supplied information. Mastercard’s crypto partnerships in the country have so far stopped short of full stablecoin settlement integration.Shinhan’s latest initiative follows earlier digital-asset projects involving stablecoin payments and tokenized investments. Shinhan Card announced a partnership with the&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">Solana</a> Foundation in April 2026 to trial stablecoin payment systems on the Solana&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/layer-1">Layer 1</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a>.Earlier in August 2026, Shinhan’s asset-management arm signed a four-party memorandum of understanding with the Solana Foundation, Etherfuse and Orca to test the issuance and distribution of a Korean won-denominated tokenized fund. The tokenized-fund initiative was also cited in a Solana X post.South Korea is meanwhile advancing the Digital Asset Basic Act, a broad digital-asset framework covering stablecoins, virtual asset service provider licensing and crypto exchange-traded funds. Shinhan and Visa’s plan to develop a Korea-specific stablecoin business model is being pursued as that legislative framework advances.The combined initiatives give Shinhan several parallel digital-finance projects spanning stablecoin issuance, movement and redemption, card settlement, AI-based payment models, B2B and B2C payments, blockchain payment trials and a Korean won-denominated tokenized investment product.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Shinhan Financial and Visa test stablecoin payment infrastructure in Korea

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Shinhan Financial, Visa to Build Stablecoin and AI Payment Infrastructure

<h2>Ethereum-first launch targets selected customers before broader EEA expansion</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Revolut has started rolling out EURR, its first euro-pegged stablecoin, to selected customers in Denmark, Poland and Portugal.</li><li>Bridge Building S.A. issues EURR, while Revolut integrates the MiCA-compliant token into its retail app with external-wallet and multi-chain support planned.</li><li>Revolut plans wider European Economic Area availability later this year and is developing stablecoins denominated in other currencies.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Revolut began rolling out EURR on August 26, 2026,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theblock.co/news/business/2026-08-26-revolut-begins-phased-eurr-stablecoin-rollout-in-denmark-poland-and-portugal-412772">introducing</a> its first&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a> to selected customers in Denmark, Poland and Portugal before a planned expansion across other European Economic Area markets later this year. The euro-pegged token will initially run on&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a>, is designed to maintain a value of €1 and is backed by reserves held and managed by Bridge under European Union Markets in Crypto-Assets rules.Revolut said the phased expansion into additional EEA markets will depend on product, operational and regulatory readiness. A Revolut spokesperson said, “Denmark, Poland, and Portugal were selected for their market size, where approximately 2 million customers will be involved in the initial rollout.”EURR is issued by Bridge Building S.A., the Luxembourg-based entity of stablecoin infrastructure company Bridge. Stripe acquired Bridge for $1.1 billion in February 2025. Revolut Digital Assets Europe is offering the token, while Bridge holds and manages the reserves supporting its euro peg.Revolut plans to fully integrate EURR into its retail app, allowing eligible customers to move between euros and crypto through a euro-denominated onchain asset. The company also plans to support EURR across multiple&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> networks and enable transfers to external wallets as the rollout expands.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>External wallet access expands as liquidity builds</h2>Ethereum will serve as EURR’s first blockchain during the phased launch. A Revolut spokesperson said, “External&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> transfers will be available immediately for select customers and more broadly as liquidity builds.” Revolut’s standard crypto trading and remittance limits will apply to the product, while fiat transactions will carry no fees or spreads.Revolut has positioned EURR as the opening stage of a wider stablecoin strategy that will eventually include tokens denominated in other currencies through separate regulatory pathways. The company described EURR as “the first step” in that strategy.Emil Urmanshin, Head of Crypto at Revolut, tied the rollout to the company’s broader financial infrastructure. “EURR connects 80 million Revolut customers directly to onchain finance,” Urmanshin said. “By combining our global scale and licensed banking infrastructure with instant euro-denominated access to the crypto ecosystem, we are unlocking real-world stablecoin utility that no traditional bank or crypto native can match.”The EURR launch also coincides with Revolut’s withdrawal of&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/tether-usdt">Tether</a>’s&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/tether-usdt">USDT</a> from the EEA and Switzerland. Revolut previously said remaining USDT balances would be converted into customers’ base currencies after August 31 as the company shifts its European stablecoin offering toward products operating under MiCA requirements.Revolut has been broadening crypto functionality elsewhere in its financial platform. During July 2026, the company connected its standalone Revolut X crypto exchange with Claude,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/exchange/table">Gemini</a>, OpenClaw and Cursor, allowing customers to analyze markets, set alerts and place trades through natural-language prompts.Revolut’s regulated banking operations have also expanded alongside those crypto services. During March 2026, the company received approval from the UK’s Prudential Regulation Authority to launch Revolut Bank UK. During June 2026, Revolut’s U.S. chief executive said the company’s planned U.S. bank would offer stablecoin services alongside traditional banking products.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Revolut launches EURR stablecoin rollout for European app users

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Revolut Starts EURR Euro Stablecoin Rollout in Europe

<h2>Proposal points toward lighter rules for investment advisers holding digital assets</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>The SEC has advanced a proposed rewrite of crypto custody rules through White House regulatory review.</li><li>The filing is classified as deregulatory and economically significant, signaling an effort to modernize custody requirements and reduce outdated burdens.</li><li>The initiative forms part of a broader SEC shift under Paul Atkins that also includes crypto offering rules and other digital-asset guidance.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has sent a proposed rewrite of its crypto custody rules to the White House regulatory review process, advancing changes that would govern how investment advisers and investment companies hold digital assets for clients. The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eoDetails?rrid=1449665">proposal</a>, titled “Amendments to the Custody Rules,” reached the Office of Management and Budget on August 25, 2026, and carries a deregulatory classification.The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, a division of the Office of Management and Budget that reviews federal regulations before publication, is reviewing the proposal. The SEC said it has received questions from investment advisers about how they can hold crypto assets for clients while meeting existing requirements.“This rulemaking would clarify the framework for the custody of crypto assets for investment adviser and investment companies, as well as make other modernizations needed to remove burdens from certain outdated provisions that are no longer needed to provide investor protection given the evolution in the markets and security trading and holding practices,” the SEC said.The proposal’s text had not been made public as of August 26, but its regulatory classifications provide information about the direction of the rulemaking. The filing is designated as economically significant, a category covering rules with at least $100 million in annual economic impact.The proposal also falls into the deregulatory category under Executive Order 14192. President Donald Trump signed the order in January 2025, directing federal agencies to eliminate 10 existing regulations for every new regulation they issue. The classification places the custody rewrite within that broader regulatory-reduction policy.The SEC’s regulatory agenda directly identifies crypto assets as part of the rulemaking and targets October 2026 for publication of a formal proposal. Publication would open the proposal to public comment before the agency proceeds toward a final rule.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>SEC reverses course from earlier custody expansion</h2>Existing SEC custody rules generally require investment advisers to keep client assets with qualified custodians, typically banks or broker-dealers. The sources describe relatively few such institutions as historically willing to provide crypto custody, leaving advisers with limited compliant options for holding digital assets.The current initiative marks a change from the approach taken under former SEC Chair Gary Gensler. His 2023 Safeguarding Rule proposal sought to expand custody requirements, while SEC staff also probed investment advisers over their crypto custody practices.The SEC withdrew that proposed Safeguarding Rule in June 2025, allowing the agency to reconsider its approach to custody regulation under new leadership.Industry participants later pushed the SEC to modernize the framework. Andreessen Horowitz asked the agency to update its crypto custody rules, while lawyers representing Delphi Ventures and Multicoin Capital submitted a custody framework in December 2025.That framework sought greater regulatory flexibility for multi-signature and multi-party computation, or MPC, wallets. Those arrangements can distribute control over cryptographic keys so that no single party has unilateral authority to move the assets.The custody rewrite does not yet establish in public whether those technologies will receive specific treatment. The material instead confirms that the SEC intends to clarify custody rules for crypto assets while modernizing provisions it considers outdated.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Atkins broadens SEC crypto rulemaking</h2>SEC Chair Paul Atkins has pursued a wider regulatory overhaul for digital assets alongside the custody initiative. The agency has issued guidance stating that memecoins are not securities and clarifying which&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/DeFi-Staking">staking</a> activities can fall outside securities law.The SEC and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission also released digital-asset guidance in March 2026 explaining how federal securities laws apply to crypto assets and transactions.The SEC expanded that effort again on August 18, 2026, when it proposed “Regulation Crypto Assets,” which the agency called a “tailored offering regime” intended to help issuers raise capital while protecting investors.SEC Chairman Paul Atkins said in the agency’s statement: “As we continue the Commission’s efforts to provide clarity for crypto markets, and as Congress works to establish a lasting regulatory framework, Regulation Crypto Assets seeks to provide … clear pathways to raise capital under the federal securities laws.”Regulation Crypto Assets addresses how crypto issuers can raise capital, while the custody proposal addresses how investment firms may hold digital assets for clients. Together, the initiatives form part of the SEC’s ongoing effort to establish more tailored rules for digital-asset activities.Another planned initiative is an innovation exemption. Atkins has said he intends to introduce a framework designed to fast-track certain crypto products, though that proposal has not yet been implemented. The exemption would provide regulatory relief to firms seeking to issue tokenized securities on decentralized or other novel platforms.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Congressional market-structure legislation remains pending</h2>The SEC’s rulemaking is moving forward while Congress continues work on a broader digital-asset market-structure framework.The House of Representatives passed the CLARITY Act by 294-134 in July 2025. The legislation would divide digital-asset oversight between the SEC and the CFTC.The bill remains in the Senate, where it is expected to face a 60-vote threshold around September 15, 2026. Its passage prospects remain uncertain.The SEC has continued advancing crypto-specific regulatory measures while that legislation remains unresolved. The custody proposal now moves through White House review before the agency’s targeted formal publication and public-comment process.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>FAQ</h2>What is the SEC custody proposal called?It is titled “Amendments to the Custody Rules.”Who is reviewing the proposal?The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs within the Office of Management and Budget.What assets does the proposal&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/wallet-address">address</a>?It directly addresses crypto assets held for clients by investment advisers and investment companies.What direction does the filing indicate?Its deregulatory classification points toward reducing or modernizing existing custody burdens.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

SEC advances crypto custody rules to White House review process.

SEC Sends Crypto Custody Rewrite to White House Review

<h2>Bank-led consortium targets tokenized deposits, stablecoins and programmable payments</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>State banking associations have formed the BankChain Alliance to build a nationwide permissioned blockchain owned and governed by banks.</li><li>The planned network would support tokenized deposits, smart payments, automated settlement and bank-issued stablecoins.</li><li>Kathy Kraninger is serving as interim chair while the alliance works toward a launch next year.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Thirty-nine U.S. state banking associations announced the&nbsp;<a href="http://bankchainalliance.com/">BankChain Alliance</a> on August 25, 2026, a consortium planning a nationwide permissioned&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> network that banks would own, operate and govern. Led by the Texas Bankers Association and chaired on an interim basis by Kathy Kraninger, president and CEO of the Florida Bankers Association, the initiative is targeting a 2027 launch and is designed to support tokenized deposits, smart payment tools, automated settlement and bank-issued&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoins</a>.Kraninger said the participating state associations represent thousands of banks and called the initiative “an unprecedented collaboration representing thousands of banks.” The alliance describes the project as “industry-owned, industry-designed and industry-governed,” placing banking organizations themselves at the center of the network’s ownership and decision-making rather than relying on an externally controlled public blockchain.Kraninger said the project is intended to create a secure, regulated network “that allows institutions of all sizes to provide modern capabilities so they can continue serving customers safely and efficiently in rural, urban and regional communities across the country.” Before leading the Florida Bankers Association, Kraninger served as director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>BankChain Would Use a Permissioned Model</h2>BankChain is planned as a permissioned blockchain, meaning participation in transaction validation would be restricted rather than open to anonymous validators. The model is intended to give participating banks access to distributed-ledger efficiencies, smart-contract programmability and on-chain recordkeeping within an institutional network controlled by the banking sector.The alliance has not yet selected a technology partner or specific blockchain protocol, and that selection process is still underway. The technology choice is expected to shape the network’s capabilities, scalability and integration with existing financial infrastructure. Hyperledger, R3’s Corda and customized&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a>-compatible infrastructure were identified as plausible enterprise approaches, but none was presented as a confirmed selection by the alliance.Interoperability is also part of the planned architecture. The BankChain Alliance said the network is intended to be “interoperable with other networks,” indicating that its permissioned structure is not meant to prevent connections with external financial or blockchain systems.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Tokenized Deposits and Bank-Issued Stablecoins</h2>Tokenized deposits would allow participating banks to represent customer deposits as digital tokens on the blockchain. Unlike a publicly issued&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a>, a tokenized deposit would function as a digital representation of an existing bank deposit, potentially allowing faster transfers and settlement between participating institutions while the underlying deposit remains within the existing banking framework.Bank-issued stablecoins are a separate planned capability. The proposed model would allow regulated U.S. banks to issue stablecoins backed by deposits and operating under existing banking oversight, creating a different structure from stablecoins issued by crypto-sector companies. Smart payments and automated settlement are also included in the planned service set, extending the project beyond digital representations of deposits.The initiative follows a period of conflict between banking groups and the crypto sector over stablecoin policy. Banking groups sought in April 2026 to slow implementation of regulations stemming from the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act, which governs stablecoin issuers, while BankChain would give banks infrastructure to participate directly in blockchain-based payments and digital-dollar products.Banking institutions have also been pursuing tokenized infrastructure through other channels. Swift, the bank-owned global messaging network, announced in July 2026 that 17 banks, including Citi, BNY and Wells Fargo, were set to begin testing transactions involving tokenized digital assets on its blockchain-based ledger.BankChain is not the first bank-focused blockchain project. The Cari Network has pursued similar goals around bank-centric digital infrastructure, while BankChain’s backers have positioned their initiative as a separate and potentially broader coalition built through state banking associations.The next major step for the BankChain Alliance is the selection of its technology partner and underlying blockchain architecture. Those decisions will determine how the planned network handles scalability,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/interoperability">interoperability</a> and integration as the consortium moves from an industry-backed initiative toward an operational banking network.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

State banking associations collaborate to launch bank-led permissioned blockchain infrastructure

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U.S. Banking Groups Form BankChain Alliance for Nationwide Blockchain Network

<h2>Former product chief says Bitcoin tops his portfolio while rejecting crypto shadowban claims</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Nikita Bier said on August 25, 2026, that X plans to add trade buttons allowing users to trade tokens directly from their timelines.</li><li>Bier rejected claims that he had suppressed Crypto Twitter and instead pointed to U.S. Treasury bond buybacks and dollar debasement as drivers of the crypto rally.</li><li>Bitcoin is Bier’s top holding, followed by gold, commodities and natural resources.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Nikita Bier, X’s former head of product, said on August 25, 2026, that trade buttons are coming to X, allowing users to buy and sell tokens from their timelines as the platform expands its crypto-focused tools. Bier also rejected claims that he had suppressed Crypto Twitter and argued that U.S. Treasury policy, rather than changes at X, was a more important driver of the current crypto rally.Bier made the comments after an X user wrote, “Bull Market is allowed to commence because Nikita is no longer shadow banning CT.” CT refers to Crypto Twitter, while a shadowban quietly limits how many people can see an account without notifying its owner.Bier <a href="https://x.com/nikitabier/status/2092088519841693752">responded</a> by pointing to the crypto products he helped build at X. “What are you talking about? I literally built Cashtags, allowing people to add&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/solana-sol">Solana</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a> charts directly into posts—with trade buttons coming soon. You can even paste contract addresses for newly minted tokens. There wasn’t a single feature on X for crypto traders…” he said.<figure class="image"><img alt="orshot-1787710929020.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/orshot_1787710929020_254ee11df0.webp"></figure>Cashtags currently allow users to place Solana and Ethereum charts inside X posts, while traders can also paste contract addresses for newly minted tokens. Contract addresses identify specific tokens on their blockchains and can help distinguish an asset from scam tokens that copy the names of legitimate projects.X first rolled out Cashtags to iPhone users in the United States and Canada in April 2026. The pilot drew an estimated $1 billion in volume within 48 hours. X added live stock charts to the feature in May.Trade buttons would add transaction functionality to that existing product flow. Users who currently spot a token on X must leave the platform for a&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a> or exchange to place an order, while the planned feature would allow purchases and sales directly from the timeline.Neither Bier nor X has named a launch date for the trade buttons. Cashtags also still covers only a limited number of markets, leaving the timing of a broader rollout unresolved.Bier stepped back from his X product role earlier in August and remained with the company as an adviser, leaving implementation of the planned trading feature to his successor.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Bier says Treasury policy, not X, is driving the rally</h2>Bier also rejected the suggestion that X itself caused the latest crypto rally. He instead pointed to U.S. Treasury bond buybacks and argued that the policy was debasing the dollar.The supplied information differs by one day on the timing of the Treasury action. One account says Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent at least doubled planned purchases of long-dated government debt on August 19, while another places the move on August 20. Both describe the broader buyback plan as roughly $950 billion and say it has drawn criticism over how Washington intends to fund it.<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/bitcoin-btc">Bitcoin price</a> was near $80,643 at the time reflected in the information, up 4.25% on the day and about 24.5% over the previous month.Gold was also rising sharply, gaining roughly 15% during August to around $4,651 an ounce and putting it on track for its strongest monthly performance since September 1999.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Asset</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Level</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Performance</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Bitcoin</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$80,643</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">+4.25% daily; about +24.5% monthly</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Gold</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Around $4,651 an ounce</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Roughly +15% in August</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Bier’s own portfolio reflects exposure to several of those assets. Asked what he holds, Bier named Bitcoin first, followed by gold, commodities and natural resources.<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet_2092090439402659987_20260826_092319_via_10015_io.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2092090439402659987_20260826_092319_via_10015_io_a9b5d1013d.webp"></figure>His comments linked the market move to fiscal policy rather than social-media distribution. Bier did not claim that Treasury activity alone accounted for the entire Bitcoin rally; he identified bond buybacks and dollar debasement as more important factors than X or the alleged ending of Crypto Twitter suppression.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>X builds out crypto tools around Cashtags</h2>Bier’s defense of his record at X centered on Cashtags and the platform’s subsequent crypto features. He said X had no features for crypto traders before his work, a characterization made by Bier rather than an independently established finding.The planned trade buttons would extend X’s current combination of charts, market information and contract-<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/wallet-address">address</a> functionality into direct execution. Bier specifically highlighted newly minted tokens when discussing contract-address support, while the trading feature is described as allowing users to buy and sell tokens directly from their timelines.X’s existing Cashtags rollout remains limited to a relatively small number of markets, and the buy button has not yet been launched. Bier’s advisory role also means the final rollout is now being handled after his departure from day-to-day product leadership.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>FAQ</h2><h3>What crypto asset does Nikita Bier hold most?</h3>Bitcoin is Bier’s top holding, followed by gold, commodities and natural resources.<h3>What are X trade buttons?</h3>They are planned buttons allowing users to buy and sell tokens directly from X timelines.<h3>What crypto features did Bier say he built?</h3>Bier cited Cashtags, Solana and Ethereum charts, and support for newly minted token contract addresses.<h3>What did Bier say caused the crypto rally?</h3>He pointed to U.S. Treasury bond buybacks and dollar debasement rather than changes at X.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

X social media platform integrates seamless direct crypto trade buttons

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X Plans Crypto Trade Buttons as Nikita Bier Points to Treasury Policy

<h2>New self-custodied products combine Bitwise models, Coinbase tokenized equities and Glider rebalancing</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Bitwise launched Automated Token Portfolios for eligible investors outside the United States, using Coinbase tokenized stocks and Glider’s automated rebalancing technology.</li><li>Investors keep the underlying tokenized shares in non-custodial wallets instead of buying into a pooled fund.</li><li>Initial strategies cover artificial intelligence, robotics and an expanded Magnificent Seven portfolio that also includes SpaceX.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Bitwise&nbsp;<a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/bitwise-launches-automated-token-portfolios-atps-powered-by-coinbase-and-glider-302858808.html">launched</a> Automated Token Portfolios, or ATPs, on August 25, 2026, giving eligible non-U.S. investors in supported jurisdictions a way to automatically follow professionally designed portfolios of tokenized U.S. stocks while retaining the underlying assets in their own crypto wallets.The ATPs are published, rules-based model portfolios designed by Bitwise Investment Manager.&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/review/coinbase">Coinbase</a> supplies the tokenized U.S. stocks, while portfolio technology provider Glider implements the strategies and automatically rebalances investors’ holdings according to Bitwise’s models. Rather than buying shares in an ETF or another pooled investment vehicle, users hold the individual tokenized stocks directly and allow software to adjust their portfolios.Bitwise said the tokenized stocks remain in investors’ non-custodial wallets at all times, meaning users do not transfer their holdings into a pooled fund or hand custody to a fund manager. Because the assets stay in users’ wallets, investors may also have opportunities to lend or borrow against them through&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/decentralised-finance">DeFi</a> protocols, subject to applicable risks.The products carry a 0.15% methodology access fee, excluding trading and platform fees.Bitwise Chief Investment Officer Matt Hougan said the structure changes how professional portfolio models can reach investors. “For over a century, getting a professional model meant handing your assets to a fund. ATPs mean you can keep the assets in your own&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/crypto-wallets">wallet</a>, and the model comes to you.”Hougan added: “ATPs unlock a new way for people to access thematic exposures more quickly and precisely than many traditional structures. We're just scratching the surface.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Initial portfolios target AI, robotics and major technology companies</h2>The initial ATP lineup focuses on artificial intelligence, robotics and an expanded version of the Magnificent Seven. The expanded technology portfolio equally weights the traditional Magnificent Seven companies alongside SpaceX.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Company</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Ticker</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Portfolio treatment</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Apple</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">AAPL</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Microsoft</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">MSFT</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Nvidia</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">NVDA</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Alphabet</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">GOOG</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Amazon</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">AMZN</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Meta</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">META</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Tesla</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">TSLA</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">SpaceX</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">SPCX</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Equal weight</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div>Bitwise’s structure uses tokenized equities as components of an automated portfolio rather than simply as individual securities for&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a>-based trading. Investors keep each stock token in their wallet while Glider’s software changes allocations to follow Bitwise’s professional model.Brian Huang, co-founder and CEO of Glider, said the model gives global investors access to investment management through onchain infrastructure. “Finally, we have global access to the same institutional managers we respect in traditional finance, but now in digital assets,” Huang said.“We're excited to give global investors better access to investment opportunities through onchain rails, which unlock capabilities that aren't available in a traditional brokerage account.”<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Coinbase rollout provides the underlying tokenized-stock infrastructure</h2>The ATP announcement came one day after Coinbase debuted tokenized versions of Apple, Nvidia, Meta and Alphabet on Base. Coinbase said additional stocks were coming, while Bitwise’s portfolio models also included Microsoft, Amazon, Tesla, SpaceX and Sandisk. Coinbase had not confirmed those companies as its next batch of tokenized equities.The distinction is important to the product structure: Bitwise supplies the investment methodology, while Glider handles automated implementation and Coinbase provides the tokenized stocks used by the portfolios. Investors therefore follow a professional model without transferring the underlying assets into a traditional fund structure.Bitwise was described as a $9 billion crypto asset manager best known for its crypto ETFs. The ATP launch extends its onchain asset-management activity beyond exchange-traded products, following its recent move into DeFi vault curation.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Bitwise expands its onchain portfolio business</h2>Bitwise partnered with&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/morpho-morpho">Morpho</a> in January 2026 to expand its onchain offerings through curated, non-custodial vaults.The firm followed that move in February 2026 by launching seven professionally constructed crypto portfolios for financial advisors, supported by systematic monitoring and rebalancing.Bitwise then made its crypto model portfolios available to retail investors through Parrot’s platform during summer 2026. The ATP launch extends that model-portfolio approach from crypto assets into tokenized traditional equities.Glider had also worked with tokenized equities before the Bitwise launch. Earlier in 2026, the automated portfolio specialist teamed up with&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ondo-ondo">Ondo</a> Finance to offer personalized portfolios using Ondo’s tokenized stock products.The ATP structure brings those elements together by allowing Bitwise to distribute a rules-based investment model while Glider automates portfolio adjustments and investors continue to hold the individual tokenized securities themselves.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

Bitwise model portfolios allow seamless rebalancing of tokenized equities

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Bitwise Launches Automated Token Portfolios for Tokenized U.S. Stocks

<h2>Validator halts contain attacks while patch disclosure draws security criticism</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Cosmos Labs warned affected Cosmos EVM networks to halt their chains during an ongoing security incident.</li><li>MANTRA, TAC, KiiChain and Nesa were identified as affected, with sharply different financial outcomes.</li><li>KiiChain blamed Cosmos Labs’ disclosure process after attackers exploited its network before validators stopped operations.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr><a href="https://coin360.com/coin/cosmos-atom">Cosmos</a> Labs warned affected Cosmos&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine">EVM</a> chains on Aug. 24, 2026 to ask validators to halt their networks after a security incident involving the shared module, with&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/mantra-dao-om">MANTRA</a>, TAC, KiiChain and Nesa identified as affected. KiiChain reported the largest quantified impact, saying 148.3 million KII were taken across 18 attacks before validators stopped the network.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Cosmos Labs urges affected networks to halt operations</h2>Cosmos Labs said the incident affected users of the Cosmos EVM module and that its security and engineering teams were responding. “An ongoing security incident has impacted users of the Cosmos EVM module. Cosmos Labs’ security and engineering teams have been proactively responding to this incident. We have advised the Cosmos EVM chains that are in contact with us to request that validators halt their chains,” Cosmos Labs&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/cosmoslabs_io/status/2091935066381582390">said</a>.<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet-2091935066381582390.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2091935066381582390_5fe54aa0cb.webp"></figure>Cosmos EVM is a software module that allows Cosmos SDK-based chains to support the&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/ethereum-eth">Ethereum</a><a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/ethereum-virtual-machine"> Virtual Machine</a>, Ethereum-compatible applications and related tools. Because several independent networks can rely on the same component, the scope of a flaw can vary depending on the software version, configuration and integration used by each chain.The bug had been patched during the previous week, before Cosmos Labs issued its broader public warning. Cosmos EVM&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/cosmos/evm/releases">release notes</a> said, “this release contains important security fixes. We recommend all chains upgrade to this patch release as soon as possible using a coordinated upgrade.” The release was not accompanied by an equivalent warning on Cosmos Labs’ official X account before the affected-chain incidents described in the available information.<figure class="image"><img alt="Releases-·-cosmos-evm-08-25-2026_10_01_PM.png" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/Releases_cosmos_evm_08_25_2026_10_01_PM_f4f83c1edb.png"></figure>The original disclosure was&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/justde/status/2091950451214405678">branded</a> “negligent AF,” while Cosmos’ security policy was described as following a “silent patch model.” Criticism centered on whether downstream chains received sufficient warning and time to upgrade before the fix became publicly visible.<figure class="image"><img alt="tweet-2091950451214405678.webp" src="https://cdn.coin360.com/tweet_2091950451214405678_398c7329a5.webp"></figure><div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>KiiChain says losses were avoidable</h2>KiiChain&nbsp;<a href="https://x.com/KiiChainio/status/2091721027583709214">said</a> the vulnerability was located in Cosmos EVM code rather than KiiChain-specific code, saying its network had used the module without modification. The project called its losses “avoidable” and blamed the disclosure process, citing a lack of advance notice, failure to flag the update as critical and delays in communicating the patch.“Publishing a security fix in the open, before the chains running that code have been told privately and given time to patch, hands the vulnerability to anyone reading the commit,” KiiChain said in its postmortem.KiiChain said 80.7 million KII, equal to 54% of the exploited tokens, could be recovered because they had not left the chain. The remaining arithmetic difference between the reported total and recoverable amount is 67.6 million KII, although that figure was not separately identified by KiiChain as an unrecoverable loss.The KiiChain wallets were drained on Aug. 22 of almost 150 million KII with a theoretical value of more than $9 million at the time. The stolen tokens were ultimately sold for about $1.6 million in&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/binance-usd-busd">BUSD</a>, briefly crashing the token’s price.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Network</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Incident details</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Response or recovery</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">KiiChain</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Largest quantified impact among the affected networks</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Remained offline pending a coordinated validator update</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">TAC</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">3 billion TAC worth around $7.5 million were drained from its&nbsp;staking contract</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Validators halted the chain at block 24,671,475 after one account was drained</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">MANTRA</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">No apparent user-fund losses were reported</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Paused for 30 hours and deployed Cosmos EVM version 8.4.0 before restarting</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Nesa</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">No apparent user-fund losses were reported</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Announced a chain halt before Cosmos Labs’ broader warning</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>TAC, MANTRA and Nesa take different paths</h2>TAC was exploited on the same day as KiiChain. Validators stopped further operations after the initial unauthorized drain. MANTRA and Nesa, by contrast,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/news/mantra-cosmos-evm-security-incident">announced chain halts</a> before Cosmos Labs issued its broader warning, with no apparent user-fund losses reported for either network.MANTRA later resumed operations after applying the updated Cosmos EVM software, while KiiChain remained offline and required validators to coordinate its next network update. The differing outcomes left each affected chain at a different stage of remediation despite their reliance on the same shared module.Cosmos Labs said it would publish a full incident report once the matter was resolved. At the time covered by the disclosures, the technical root cause remained unresolved publicly, and affected-chain disclosures provided the main quantified record of losses and recovery measures.A separate Cosmos EVM network,&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/coin/saga-saga">Saga</a> EVM, lost approximately $7 million in January 2026.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>FAQ</h2>What networks were affected?MANTRA, TAC, KiiChain and Nesa were identified as affected Cosmos EVM networks.Why did Cosmos Labs request chain halts?The halts were used to restrict further&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> state changes while security teams investigated.Did MANTRA resume operations?Yes. MANTRA restarted after deploying the updated Cosmos EVM software.Is KiiChain operating again?KiiChain remained offline pending a coordinated validator update.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

robot standing in distress within a glowing server room representing the Cosmos EVM infrastructure

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Cosmos EVM Bug Hits Four Chains as KiiChain Reports Major Loss

<h2>Regulated exchange rollout targets professional investors as tokenized Treasury assets expand</h2>TL;DR<ul><li>Franklin Templeton and HashKey Exchange are distributing the tokenized grBENJI money market fund to professional investors in Asia.</li><li>The fund invests mainly in U.S. government money market products and U.S. dollar cash assets through a blockchain-based wrapper.</li><li>Both companies plan to extend their partnership beyond money market funds into other tokenized products.</li></ul><hr>Trade smarter on Jupiter, Solana’s leading DEX built for fast execution and deep liquidity.&nbsp;Swap tokens at competitive rates, route across multiple liquidity sources automatically, and access perpetuals, DCA, and advanced trading tools — all in one place!<div class="raw-html-embed"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: white; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;"><a href="https://jup.ag/?ref=g33ohytogabt" ref="noopener nofollow noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: white; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; background-color: #4CAF50; padding: 5px 30px; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px 2px; border-radius: 5px;">Trade on Jupiter!</a></div></div><hr>Franklin Templeton and Hong Kong-regulated HashKey Exchange have<a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/apac/news-releases/hashkey-exchange-and-franklin-templeton-to-bring-onchain-us-government-liquidity-fund-to-asia-302858384.html">&nbsp;partnered</a> to distribute the Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Liquidity Fund, or grBENJI, to professional digital asset investors in Asia, with HashKey launching the tokenized money market product through its Earn channel. The partnership was announced on August 24, 2026, and the fund is not available to the general public in Hong Kong.grBENJI is designed to provide professional investors with access to a tokenized fund that invests mainly in U.S. government money market products and U.S. dollar cash assets. The fund uses&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/blockchain">blockchain</a> infrastructure to represent investors’ claims on the underlying assets through a tokenized wrapper, while the underlying exposure remains tied to traditional money market instruments rather than cryptocurrency assets.Franklin Templeton manages $1.8 trillion in assets globally across more than 35 countries. The partnership extends the asset manager’s existing tokenization activity in Asia and gives eligible digital asset investors another regulated channel through which to access its blockchain-based investment products.Chetan Karkhanis, Franklin Templeton's SVP of digital assets client engagement, said the firms intend to broaden the relationship over time. “We look forward to deepening this partnership by expanding beyond tokenized money market funds into other tokenized products over time, leveraging HashKey's multi-jurisdictional platform spanning Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo, Dubai and Bermuda.”Those five markets form part of HashKey’s wider multi-jurisdictional platform. Both Franklin Templeton and HashKey said they plan to move beyond money market funds and introduce other tokenized products through the partnership over time.<div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Tokenized Treasury and money market assets continue rapid growth</h2>The rollout comes as tokenized U.S. Treasury and money market funds have grown 1,500% to $15 billion over the past two years, according to&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/rwa-crypto-assets">RWA</a>.xyz.A separate RWA.xyz market snapshot showed total tokenized real-world asset value at $38.2 billion as of August 23, 2026, compared with $20.6 billion a year earlier. That represented an increase of $17.6 billion, or roughly 85%, based on the figures provided.<div class="raw-html-embed"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Metric</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Value</th> <th style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; text-align: left; color: #fff;">Period or date</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Tokenized U.S. Treasury and money market fund growth</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">1,500% to $15 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Past two years</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Total tokenized RWA value</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$38.2 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">August 23, 2026</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Total tokenized RWA value one year earlier</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$20.6 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">One year earlier</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Year-over-year increase</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$17.6 billion, roughly 85%</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Based on the supplied figures</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">Tokenized U.S. Treasury debt</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">$15.6 billion</td> <td style="border: 1px solid #fff; padding: 8px; color: #fff;">August 23, 2026</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div><div class="page-break" style="page-break-after:always;">&nbsp;</div><h2>Franklin Templeton builds on earlier Hong Kong tokenization push</h2>Franklin Templeton’s latest distribution agreement follows its November 2025 debut of the<a href="https://coin360.com/news/franklin-templeton-250-digital-acquisition-franklin-crypto">&nbsp;Franklin OnChain U.S. Government Money Fund</a>, identified as Hong Kong’s first tokenized money market fund. That launch was also the first initiative under the Hong Kong Monetary Authority’s Fintech 2030 plan.HashKey’s role extends beyond providing a distribution venue. The exchange holds Type 1 and Type 7 licenses from Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission, permitting it to trade securities on clients’ behalf and operate an automated trading service.The Franklin Templeton listing is the latest in a series of real-world asset partnerships for HashKey. One week before the partnership was reported on August 25, 2026, HashKey announced plans to begin cross-border trade&nbsp;<a href="https://coin360.com/glossary/stablecoin">stablecoin</a> transactions involving Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates and the wider Middle East.That initiative is set to use HKDAP, identified as one of two regulated Hong Kong digital dollars. Together with the grBENJI distribution agreement, the projects add tokenized investment products and blockchain-based cross-border settlement to HashKey’s expanding regulated digital asset activities.This article has been refined and enhanced by ChatGPT.

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